33 Questions
What do microorganisms need to grow and multiply?
Nutrients and moisture
What is essential for the growth of microorganisms?
Nutrients and moisture
What do microorganisms use to multiply?
Nutrients and moisture
What is necessary for the survival of microorganisms?
Moisture and nutrients
What do microorganisms require to grow?
Moisture and nutrients
What is required for microorganisms to multiply?
Nutrients and moisture
What type of bacteria are Cyanobacteria?
Photosynthetic bacteria
What is the element involved in the process of photosynthesis in Cyanobacteria?
Na
What is the characteristic of Cyanobacteria that allows them to produce energy?
Ability to photosynthesize
What is the term used to describe Cyanobacteria?
Photosynthetic bacteria
What is the unique feature of Cyanobacteria that allows them to thrive in different environments?
Ability to photosynthesize
What type of organism is a purple sulfur bacteria?
Photoheterotrophic
What is the main source of energy for purple sulfur bacteria?
Light energy
What is the byproduct of purple sulfur bacteria's metabolism?
H2S
What type of organism is a chemoautotrophic organism?
Chemoautotrophic
What is the main source of energy for chemoautotrophic organisms?
Chemical energy
What is the byproduct of chemoautotrophic organisms' metabolism?
CO2
What is the percentage of water in an organism?
98-88%
What is the term for the zone where water is available for organisms?
Biokinetic zone
What is the process of losing water from an organism?
Dessication
What is the term for the movement of water into or out of an organism?
Osmosis
What is the symbol for water?
Wa
What is the percentage of water in an organism?
98-88%
What is the term for the study of the movement of water?
Hydrology
What is the term for the amount of water available for an organism?
Water activity
Which of the following is NOT an inorganic growth factor?
Tryptophane
What type of growth factor is Tryptophane?
Organic
Which of the following bacteria requires Tryptophane to grow?
Salmonella typhi
What is the role of growth factors in microorganisms?
To promote growth
Which of the following is an example of an inorganic growth factor?
Mn
What is the result of a lack of growth factors in microorganisms?
Inhibited growth
Which of the following bacteria requires Mn to grow?
All of the above
What is the classification of Tryptophane?
Amino acid
Study Notes
Nutrition of Microorganisms
- Microorganisms require nutrients, moisture, and certain environmental factors to grow and multiply.
- Nutrients include:
- Carbon sources (e.g., glucose, organic compounds)
- Nitrogen sources (e.g., ammonia, nitrate)
- Energy sources (e.g., ATP, light)
Environmental Factors
- Moisture: Microorganisms require a certain level of moisture to grow, with some species able to survive in extreme conditions (e.g., desert-dwelling microbes).
- Temperature: Microorganisms have optimal temperature ranges for growth, with some species able to thrive in extreme temperatures (e.g., thermophiles, psychrophiles).
- pH: Microorganisms have optimal pH ranges for growth, with some species able to survive in extreme pH conditions (e.g., acidophiles, alkalophiles).
Types of Microorganisms
- Cyanobacteria: Photosynthetic bacteria that produce their own food through photosynthesis, using light energy and CO2.
- Photosynthetic bacteria: Bacteria that produce their own food through photosynthesis, using light energy and CO2.
- Chemoautotrophic organisms: Microorganisms that produce their own food through chemical reactions, using energy from inorganic compounds (e.g., CO2, NH3).
Growth Factors
- Organic growth factors: Microorganisms that require organic compounds (e.g., amino acids, vitamins) for growth.
- Inorganic growth factors: Microorganisms that require inorganic compounds (e.g., CO2, NH3, H2S) for growth.
- Growth-promoting factors: Microorganisms that require specific environmental factors (e.g., temperature, pH, light) for growth.
Examples of Microorganisms
- Salmonella typhi: A Gram-negative bacterium that requires tryptophane for growth.
- Clostridium tetani: A Gram-positive bacterium that produces spores and requires specific environmental factors for growth.
- Corynebacterium diphtheria: A Gram-positive bacterium that requires specific nutrients and environmental factors for growth.
Water Activity
- Water activity (aw): The measure of available water for microorganisms to grow, with an optimal range of 0.98-0.88 for most microorganisms.
- Dessication: The process of dehydration, which can affect microorganisms' ability to grow and survive.
This quiz covers the properties of water and its importance in biological systems, including the biokinetic zone. It also explores the physical and chemical properties of water.
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