Water Properties and Biokinetic Zone
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Questions and Answers

What do microorganisms need to grow and multiply?

  • Nutrients and moisture (correct)
  • Light and temperature
  • Heat and pressure
  • Moisture and oxygen

    • What is essential for the growth of microorganisms?

  • Moisture and light
  • Heat and pressure
  • Oxygen and temperature
  • Nutrients and moisture (correct)

    • What do microorganisms use to multiply?

  • Temperature and humidity
  • Heat and pressure
  • Nutrients and moisture (correct)
  • Oxygen and light

    • What is necessary for the survival of microorganisms?

    <p>Moisture and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do microorganisms require to grow?

    <p>Moisture and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for microorganisms to multiply?

    <p>Nutrients and moisture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bacteria are Cyanobacteria?

    <p>Photosynthetic bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the element involved in the process of photosynthesis in Cyanobacteria?

    <p>Na</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Cyanobacteria that allows them to produce energy?

    <p>Ability to photosynthesize</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe Cyanobacteria?

    <p>Photosynthetic bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique feature of Cyanobacteria that allows them to thrive in different environments?

    <p>Ability to photosynthesize</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organism is a purple sulfur bacteria?

    <p>Photoheterotrophic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of energy for purple sulfur bacteria?

    <p>Light energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the byproduct of purple sulfur bacteria's metabolism?

    <p>H2S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organism is a chemoautotrophic organism?

    <p>Chemoautotrophic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of energy for chemoautotrophic organisms?

    <p>Chemical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the byproduct of chemoautotrophic organisms' metabolism?

    <p>CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of water in an organism?

    <p>98-88%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the zone where water is available for organisms?

    <p>Biokinetic zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of losing water from an organism?

    <p>Dessication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of water into or out of an organism?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol for water?

    <p>Wa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of water in an organism?

    <p>98-88%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the movement of water?

    <p>Hydrology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of water available for an organism?

    <p>Water activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an inorganic growth factor?

    <p>Tryptophane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of growth factor is Tryptophane?

    <p>Organic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bacteria requires Tryptophane to grow?

    <p>Salmonella typhi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of growth factors in microorganisms?

    <p>To promote growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an inorganic growth factor?

    <p>Mn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a lack of growth factors in microorganisms?

    <p>Inhibited growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bacteria requires Mn to grow?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of Tryptophane?

    <p>Amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nutrition of Microorganisms

    • Microorganisms require nutrients, moisture, and certain environmental factors to grow and multiply.
    • Nutrients include:
    • Carbon sources (e.g., glucose, organic compounds)
    • Nitrogen sources (e.g., ammonia, nitrate)
    • Energy sources (e.g., ATP, light)

    Environmental Factors

    • Moisture: Microorganisms require a certain level of moisture to grow, with some species able to survive in extreme conditions (e.g., desert-dwelling microbes).
    • Temperature: Microorganisms have optimal temperature ranges for growth, with some species able to thrive in extreme temperatures (e.g., thermophiles, psychrophiles).
    • pH: Microorganisms have optimal pH ranges for growth, with some species able to survive in extreme pH conditions (e.g., acidophiles, alkalophiles).

    Types of Microorganisms

    • Cyanobacteria: Photosynthetic bacteria that produce their own food through photosynthesis, using light energy and CO2.
    • Photosynthetic bacteria: Bacteria that produce their own food through photosynthesis, using light energy and CO2.
    • Chemoautotrophic organisms: Microorganisms that produce their own food through chemical reactions, using energy from inorganic compounds (e.g., CO2, NH3).

    Growth Factors

    • Organic growth factors: Microorganisms that require organic compounds (e.g., amino acids, vitamins) for growth.
    • Inorganic growth factors: Microorganisms that require inorganic compounds (e.g., CO2, NH3, H2S) for growth.
    • Growth-promoting factors: Microorganisms that require specific environmental factors (e.g., temperature, pH, light) for growth.

    Examples of Microorganisms

    • Salmonella typhi: A Gram-negative bacterium that requires tryptophane for growth.
    • Clostridium tetani: A Gram-positive bacterium that produces spores and requires specific environmental factors for growth.
    • Corynebacterium diphtheria: A Gram-positive bacterium that requires specific nutrients and environmental factors for growth.

    Water Activity

    • Water activity (aw): The measure of available water for microorganisms to grow, with an optimal range of 0.98-0.88 for most microorganisms.
    • Dessication: The process of dehydration, which can affect microorganisms' ability to grow and survive.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the properties of water and its importance in biological systems, including the biokinetic zone. It also explores the physical and chemical properties of water.

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