Water Management in Agriculture

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of irrigation in agriculture?

To increase soil erosion

To reduce plant growth

To remove excess water from the soil

To apply controlled amounts of water to assist crop production (correct)

Which crop has the longest growing period according to the data provided?

Sugarcane (correct)

Corn

Cotton

Rice

What is the consumptive use of water for cotton on average (in mm/day)?

4-6

5-8 (correct)

4-7

3-6

Which factor contributes to the need for effective water management?

Shortage of water leading to drought Signup and view all the answers

What seasonal water requirement is associated with fruit trees?

90-120 cm Signup and view all the answers

Which crop has the lowest average depth of root zone among those listed?

Rice Signup and view all the answers

What is a major component of water management that involves the removal of excess water?

Draining Signup and view all the answers

Why is proper cultural practice essential in promoting increased production?

It enhances plant health and yield. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of the Bureau of Soil and Water Management?

Design, construction and maintenance of Soil and Water Investigation Projects Signup and view all the answers

Which institution has jurisdiction over watersheds surrounding power generation plants?

National Power Corporation Signup and view all the answers

Which government institution is responsible for ensuring sanitary practices concerning water?

Department of Health Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary functions of the National Irrigation Administration?

Improve and construct national irrigation systems Signup and view all the answers

Which institution is known for coordinating and regulating water resource management?

National Water Resources Board Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the National Economic and Development Authority regarding water resources?

Policy making and infrastructure coordination Signup and view all the answers

Which institution is responsible for the allocation of reforestation and watershed management funds?

Department of Energy Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary functions of the National Commission on Indigenous People?

Formulating policies for protection of indigenous people's ancestral domains in critical watersheds Signup and view all the answers

Which river is the longest river in Bukidnon?

Pulangi River Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a major crop produced in Bukidnon?

Wheat Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of the Solar Powered Irrigation System (SPIS)?

It includes components like solar panels and electronic controls. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following rivers is a tributary of the Pulangi River?

Tigwa River Signup and view all the answers

What is one purpose of irrigation in agriculture?

To provide crop insurance against drought Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a high-value commercial vegetable produced in Bukidnon?

Carrot Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'diversion canal system' refer to in the context of irrigation?

A method to channel water from rivers to agricultural fields. Signup and view all the answers

Which river is specifically mentioned as being found in the municipality of Cabanglasan?

Bobonawan River Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of irrigation related to food production?

Contributes significantly to food security Signup and view all the answers

What potential negative effect can result from improper irrigation practices?

Soil salinization Signup and view all the answers

Which method was used by indigenous peoples in the pre-colonial Philippines for irrigation?

Diverting water from rivers and streams to fields Signup and view all the answers

One of the advantages of irrigation is risk mitigation. What does this refer to?

Reducing crop loss due to drought Signup and view all the answers

The construction of the Banaue Rice Terraces is an example of what type of irrigation system?

Sophisticated irrigation for mountainous terrain Signup and view all the answers

During which era did the American colonial government establish the Irrigation Service?

American Colonial Period Signup and view all the answers

How can controlled irrigation practices contribute to sustainable agriculture?

By preventing over-extraction of water resources Signup and view all the answers

What is a major environmental protection benefit of proper irrigation?

Reduces ecological impact Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of irrigation?

To artificially apply water to assist in crop growth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are sources of water used for irrigation?

Ponded water from rainfall Signup and view all the answers

What does 'water use efficiency' measure?

The ratio of water beneficially used by plants to the total water applied Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the combined process of evaporation and transpiration?

Evapotranspiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'irrigation efficiency'?

The effectiveness of an irrigation system in delivering water to the crop root zone Signup and view all the answers

In what type of area are shallow tube wells most effective?

Level areas with dependable shallow groundwater Signup and view all the answers

What is a cropping pattern?

The sequential arrangement of different crops over time Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated total irrigable area in Bukidnon?

81,984.30 hectares Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Water Management Strategies

Control and reduction of water losses in conveyance, distribution, and farming are vital for effective agricultural practices.
Adopting suitable irrigation schemes enhances water distribution and application.
Addressing drainage issues is essential to optimize water usage.

Promoting Agricultural Production

Proper land use and cultural practices are key drivers for increased crop production.
Better farm management techniques can significantly enhance yield and efficiency.

Crop Characteristics and Water Needs

Corn: Growing period 90-120 days, rootzone depth 80-100 cm, requires 4-7 mm/day, totaling 60 cm water.
Rice: Grows in 100-130 days, with a rootzone of 15-35 cm, requires 4-6 mm/day, needing 100 cm water.
Sugarcane: Has a lengthy growing period of 270-365 days, rootzone 100-120 cm, requires 4-8 mm/day, with a seasonal requirement of 150-250 cm.
Tobacco: 90-120 days growing cycle, 90 cm rootzone, and average needs of 5-8 mm/day, totaling 40-60 cm.
Cotton: Grows for 150-180 days, rootzone of 120-125 cm, with a need of 5-8 mm/day, totaling 70-130 cm.
Cassava: 180-200 day cycle, 50-75 cm rootzone, requiring 4-6 mm/day for up to 100-150 cm.
Sweet Potato: 60-120 days, rootzone of 100-150 cm, needs 3-6 mm/day, totaling 46 cm.
Irish Potato: Grows in 100-150 days, rootzone 40-60 cm, with a 40-50 cm requirement.
Fruit Trees: 240-365 days growth, rootzone depth between 100-500 cm, requiring 7 mm/day and 90-120 cm water.
Vegetables: 30-60 days, rootzone of 40-50 cm, needs 4-6 mm/day for 30-50 cm.

Importance of Water Management

Irrigation aids in the artificial application of water, crucial for crop growth in arid regions.
Drainage prevents excess water accumulation, mitigating crop suffocation and facilitating healthy plant growth.
Efficient water management is essential due to non-uniform water distribution, drought risk, and changing water regimes.

Water Sources in the Philippines

Utilization of various water sources such as rivers, lakes, and groundwater, overseen by governmental bodies like DA, NPC, PNOC, NIA, and DOE.

Major Institutions Governing Water Management

DOH: Sets water quality standards.
DPWH: Ensures engineering standards for water systems.
NEDA: Coordinates infrastructure and policy-making.
NWRB: Regulates water resources management.

Key Rivers in Bukidnon

Pulangi River: Major tributary of the Rio Grande de Mindanao; essential for local irrigation.
Munipali, Muleta, Bobonawan Rivers: Significant tributaries supporting local irrigation systems.

Major Crops in Bukidnon

Primary crops include corn, rice, sugarcane, pineapple, banana, and high-value vegetables like carrots and tomatoes.

Irrigation Systems in Bukidnon

Solar Powered Irrigation System (SPIS): Utilizes solar energy, comprising panels and pumps for sustainable irrigation methods.
Comprises river irrigation systems and diversion canals.

Benefits and Purposes of Irrigation

Essential for supplying necessary moisture for optimal crop growth.
Provides insurance against droughts, controls soil temperature, and reduces frost hazard.
Increases crop yield, diversifies agriculture, and supports economic growth while enabling better nutrient application.

Negative Effects of Irrigation

Poor irrigation can lead to waterlogging, salinization, depleting aquifers, and altering local ecosystems.
Energy-intensive systems may cause environmental strain if not managed adequately.

Historical Context of Irrigation Development

Indigenous practices pre-colonization focused on rudimentary irrigation.
Spanish era saw minimal system improvements; American period initiated more substantial irrigation developments through the Bureau of Public Works.

Current Status of Irrigation Development

Bukidnon has 81,984.30 hectares of irrigable land, with various servicing systems contributing to a total of 47,157.31 hectares irrigated.

Key Irrigation Terminologies

Water Source: Origin of irrigation water.
Water Requirement: Amount of water needed for crops based on various factors.
Irrigation Efficiency: Effectiveness in delivering water to crops.
Evapotranspiration (ET): Combined water loss from soil and plants.
Cropping Pattern: Strategic arrangement of crops over time to optimize land use.

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Description

Explore effective water management strategies crucial for agricultural practices. Learn about optimizing irrigation, addressing drainage issues, and understanding the water needs of various crops. This quiz will enhance your knowledge of sustainable farming methods and efficient water usage.