Irrigation Systems and Filtration Quiz

A type of filter that uses centrifugal force to separate heavy particles from water. Water is introduced tangentially at the top of a cone, creating a circular motion that throws heavier particles against the walls.

A type of filter with stacks of grooved, ring-shaped disks that capture debris and are particularly effective at filtering out organic material and algae.

Valves used to prevent unwanted flow reversal in a water system. They ensure water flows in one direction, preventing contamination from the system back into the water source.

The largest pipeline in a water distribution network. It transports water throughout the field and distributes it to smaller submains.

Smaller pipelines that branch off from the main line and distribute water to lateral lines. Ensuring even water distribution throughout the field.

Valves installed to prevent excessive pressure buildup in a water system. They release excess pressure automatically to protect the system.

A system where water is bypassed to prevent high pressure in the system, offering a simpler and more cost-effective alternative to pressure relief valves.

Smaller pipelines connected to submains. They distribute water directly to irrigation devices like drippers.

A method of applying fertilizers directly to the root zone of plants through a network of pipes and drippers.

Nitrogen (N) is a key nutrient required for plant growth, but it is often limited in the soil due to its various forms being lost through leaching, volatilization, denitrification, or fixation.

The process of applying fertilizers along with irrigation water, eliminating the need for manual application.

Using fertigation can help ensure a consistent and uniform application of fertilizer to plants, promoting even growth and higher yields.

Fertigation can lead to increased nutrient efficiency, reducing fertilizer losses and minimizing environmental impact.

Fertigation allows precise control over the amount of fertilizer applied, matching the specific needs of the crop at different stages of growth.

Fertigation can be used to apply other agricultural inputs such as herbicides, pesticides, and acids, streamlining the application process.

While fertigation offers numerous benefits, it can be more expensive than traditional methods of fertilizer application.

A process that removes harmful microorganisms and algae from irrigation systems using bleaching powder. The system is filled with a diluted bleaching powder solution, left to sit, then flushed for clean water.

The process of neutralizing acidic irrigation water by adding a chemical solution until the pH level reaches 4 to prevent damage to the irrigation system.

The process of cleaning the irrigation components, including flushing the screen filter, rubber caps, submains, and laterals.

Applying fertilizers through drip irrigation allows for precise placement of nutrients in the soil.

Fertilizers injected through drip irrigation must be soluble, safe for the system, and promote crop growth.

Delivering water, nutrients, and chemicals precisely to the plant's roots, maximizing efficiency and reducing waste.

A method for applying water and fertilizers through a network of pipes and drippers directly to the plant's root zone.

Applying fertilizers and other chemicals through drip irrigation systems requires careful consideration of solubility, compatibility, and safety.

The process of applying phosphorus fertilizer through a trickle irrigation system is generally not recommended due to the formation of precipitates that can clog the system. Phosphorus also binds strongly to soil particles, limiting its movement from the application point.

Adding phosphorus fertilizer to water can lead to the formation of insoluble phosphates, particularly with calcium and magnesium, which can clog emitters and pipes in a trickle irrigation system.

Adding phosphoric or sulfuric acid to a trickle irrigation system can help prevent the formation of insoluble phosphates, thereby mitigating clogging problems related to phosphorus application.

Potassium fertilizers, when applied alone, are generally compatible with water and do not cause adverse chemical reactions. However, mixing different types of fertilizers can lead to reduced solubility or incompatibility.

Calcium nitrate and potassium sulfate, when mixed, can form insoluble calcium sulfate, which can affect solubility and nutrient uptake.

The proper fertilization schedule for drip irrigation depends on factors such as soil type, crop, nutrient requirements, water application rate, and system design. Over-fertilization can lead to toxicity and plant damage.

Achieving the right concentration of fertilizer in drip irrigation is crucial for optimal plant growth and nutrient uptake. Over-fertigation can lead to harmful effects on plants.

A concentration of 100 mg/L in the irrigation water can meet the needs of many crops. However, higher concentrations may be required for some crops, while adjusting for the needs of the specific crop is important.

Chemicals used in drip irrigation systems must be completely soluble and compatible with other chemicals and salts in the irrigation water to prevent clogging.

A filtering system that can be bypassed to allow for maintenance or if filtering is not required, preventing damage to filter components due to corrosion.

Installing injection points for fertilizers at specific locations ensures proper mixing before the water flow splits, leading to even distribution.

The size and capacity of the injection system depend on the required concentration, frequency, and volume of fertilizer application.

The application rate and frequency of fertilizer application vary depending on crop type, emitter spacing, and growing needs.

Damages or holes in the poly tube can cause leakage. These issues should be addressed by using repair materials, such as Goof plugs or poly joiners.

High salinity in irrigation water can lead to white residue accumulating on the end plug. Cleaning the laterals regularly prevents this.

Problems in a drip irrigation system, such as leakage or blocked flow, can be caused by several factors. Correctly identifying the cause allows for effective troubleshooting.

The drippers in the irrigation system are not releasing water efficiently. This could be caused by a buildup of debris, sand, or other clogging materials.

A plug at the end of the lateral is not properly sealed, allowing water to leak out instead of flowing to the drippers.

An oily or gummy substance is present when opening the lateral, indicating excessive algae growth or potentially iron deposits in the water.

A significant pressure drop occurs in the system, possibly caused by an accumulation of dirt or debris in the filters.

The pressure gauge stops working, which could be due to rainwater entering the gauge, corrosion, or a damaged pointer.

The pressure in the system is dropping. This might be caused by a leak in the main outlet, a low water level in the well, or a malfunctioning pump.

The pressure at the entry of the sand filter is higher than expected. This might be due to a lack of a bypass in the pipeline, a blockage in the bypass, or improper placement of the filter element.

Sand and debris are accumulating in the screen filter, indicating either improper filter element placement or insufficient sand in the filter.