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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of Python programming language?
What is the primary purpose of Python programming language?
- Web design
- General-purpose programming (correct)
- Game development
- Mobile app development
JavaScript is primarily used for server-side scripting.
JavaScript is primarily used for server-side scripting.
False (B)
What does SQL stand for?
What does SQL stand for?
Structured Query Language
CSS is primarily used for ______ web pages.
CSS is primarily used for ______ web pages.
Match the following programming languages with their primary usage:
Match the following programming languages with their primary usage:
Flashcards
Sequential Access
Sequential Access
Data that can be written and accessed sequentially, like a tape recorder. Imagine each piece of data being stored in a specific order, one after the other.
File System
File System
A set of tools used to manage data stored in files and databases. It includes functions to create, access, and modify data.
Random Access
Random Access
Data stored in a specific order, with each data element having a unique address for quick access.
Direct Access
Direct Access
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Indexed Sequential Access
Indexed Sequential Access
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Study Notes
Water Hardness
- Hardness is caused by soluble salts of calcium and magnesium
- Soluble salts include calcium chloride and magnesium sulphate
- Nitrate is soluble, while phosphate is insoluble
- Only cations cause hardness, never anions
- Specifications for drinking water include no shell, clear and transparent, suspended impurities, and TDS - 200 ppm
Types of Hardness
- Temporary Hardness: Caused by soluble bicarbonate salts of calcium and magnesium
- These salts decompose when heated
- Decomposing releases carbon dioxide, forming insoluble carbonates
- Permanent Hardness: Caused by soluble sulphate and chloride salts of calcium and magnesium
- These salts do not decompose when heated, retaining their hardness
Determination of Hardness (EDTA Method)
- EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is used to determine hardness in water
- Disodium salt of EDTA is preferred due to higher purity
- The method involves titration with a standard EDTA solution and an indicator
- The indicator EBT (Eriochrome Black T) changes color upon reaching the end point
Why CaCO₃ is the Standard
- CaCO₃ is chosen due to its low molecular weight, facilitating calculations
- During water softening, other hardness causing salts precipitate, which is taken into account in calculations using a standard
Units of Hardness
- Parts per million (ppm)
- Milligrams per liter (mg/L)
- The values are equivalent (ppm=mg/L)
Boiler Feed Water
- Boiler scales and sludges
- Boiler corrosion
- Acoustic embrittlement
- Priming and foaming
Removal of Hardness
- Chemical treatment
- Zeolite softner method
- Lime soda process
Water Softening Methods
- External treatment (Treating water before adding)
- Internal treatment (Treating water with chemicals after adding)
- Zeolite process
- Lime soda process
Disinfection/Sterilisation
- Making water free from pathogenic bacteria
- Chlorination, UV Treatment, Ozone treatment, and Potassium permanganate treatment
- Chlorination is considered the most effective method but can lead to a foul odor if not used at appropriate concentrations
Other Methods of Disinfection
- Ozone treatment and UV treatment
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