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Questions and Answers
What is the relationship between mg/L and ppm in water hardness measurement?
What is the relationship between mg/L and ppm in water hardness measurement?
1 mg/L is equivalent to 1 ppm, meaning 1 mg of CaCO3 per 106 mg of water.
Define Degree Clark and its significance in measuring water hardness.
Define Degree Clark and its significance in measuring water hardness.
Degree Clark (°Cl) measures the grains of CaCO3 equivalent hardness per gallon, with 1°Cl equal to 1 part of CaCO3 in 70,000 parts of water.
How is Degree French (°Fr) related to calcium carbonate hardness in water?
How is Degree French (°Fr) related to calcium carbonate hardness in water?
Degree French (°Fr) represents the parts of calcium carbonate equivalent hardness per 105 parts of water, where 10°Fr equals 1 part of CaCO3.
What is the principle of estimating water hardness using the EDTA titration method?
What is the principle of estimating water hardness using the EDTA titration method?
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Explain why hardness in water is a concern and the role of complexometric titration in its estimation.
Explain why hardness in water is a concern and the role of complexometric titration in its estimation.
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Study Notes
Engineering Chemistry
- Textbook is for first-semester B.E. / B.Tech. students, adhering to SSN College of Engineering's autonomous syllabus and Anna University regulations 2024.
- The book covers five units, encompassing the entire syllabus.
- Topics such as water technology, electrochemistry, corrosion, polymers, and analytical techniques are explained in a concise and lucid manner.
- The book includes figures and tables to aid in understanding complex concepts.
- Authors welcome comments, suggestions, and criticisms for improvement.
Book Information
- New edition
- Publisher: Dhanam Publications
- ISBN: 978-81-89843-76-2
- Price: Rs. /-
- First edition: August 2024
Unit 1: Water and its Treatment
- Topics include the hardness of water, types, expressing hardness in units, estimation using EDTA, numericals, water quality parameters (WHO and BIS guidelines), industrial water treatment, external treatment (ion exchange, zeolite process), domestic water treatment (reverse osmosis), and the advantages/limitations of each method.
Unit 2: Electrochemistry
- Covers conductance, conductometric titrations (strong and weak acids), electrochemical reactions, electrode types (ion-selective electrodes, glass electrodes), and measurement of pH (potentiometry).
- Includes energy storage systems for electric vehicles (hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, lithium-ion battery, sodium-ion battery).
Unit 3: Corrosion
- Examines various corrosion types (wet corrosion, galvanic corrosion, differential aeration).
- Includes corrosion control methods (cathodic protection, electroless plating).
- Explores corrosion in different industries (concrete with reinforcing steel, boilers, electronic components).
Unit 4: Polymers in Every Day Life
- Focuses on polymer types (addition and condensation polymerization).
- Discusses properties like crystallinity, glass transition temperature (Tg), average molecular weight, and polymer recycling.
- Explores biodegradable polymers.
Unit 5: Analytical Techniques
- Covers spectroscopy (Beer-Lambert's law, colorimetric estimation of Fe3+, UV-Visible, IR spectroscopy), and chromatography (thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography).
- Outlines the theory and practical applications of these techniques.
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Description
Test your knowledge on various aspects of water hardness measurement. This quiz covers essential concepts such as the relationship between mg/L and ppm, different hardness degrees, and methods including EDTA titration. Understand the significance of treating water hardness and the impact it has on practical applications.
