Calculation of Water Hardness

Total volume of HCl or NaOH required for regeneration of ion exchange resin in terms of mg CaCO3 equivalent

Quantity of water softened (L) x Hardness (mg/L)

350 L

<p>Total hardness of 50000 L water ≡ 350 L of 0.5 N HCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hardness in 1 L water = 8750/50000 = 0.175 g of CaCO3 equivalent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temporary hardness is caused by the presence of bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hardness (mg CaCO3 equivalent) in 1 L water = 175 mg of CaCO3 equivalent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>EDTA solution is titrated against a standard solution of calcium ions to determine its exact concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Permanent hardness is due to the presence of sulfates and chlorides of calcium and magnesium, which cannot be removed by boiling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hard water can lead to scaling in pipes and equipment, reducing efficiency and increasing maintenance costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers