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Calculation of Water Hardness

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Questions and Answers

What is the total hardness of water defined as?

Total volume of HCl or NaOH required for regeneration of ion exchange resin in terms of mg CaCO3 equivalent

How do you calculate total hardness of water using the given formula?

Quantity of water softened (L) x Hardness (mg/L)

In the given example, what was the total volume of 0.5 N HCl required for regeneration?

350 L

What is the alternate method for calculating total hardness in the example?

Total hardness of 50000 L water ≡ 350 L of 0.5 N HCl Signup and view all the answers

How do you calculate the hardness in 1 liter of water in the example?

Hardness in 1 L water = 8750/50000 = 0.175 g of CaCO3 equivalent Signup and view all the answers

Define temporary hardness of water.

Temporary hardness is caused by the presence of bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium in water. Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate hardness in water samples?

Hardness (mg CaCO3 equivalent) in 1 L water = 175 mg of CaCO3 equivalent Signup and view all the answers

Explain the standardization of EDTA solution in the context of water hardness testing.

EDTA solution is titrated against a standard solution of calcium ions to determine its exact concentration. Signup and view all the answers

What is permanent hardness of water and how is it different from temporary hardness?

Permanent hardness is due to the presence of sulfates and chlorides of calcium and magnesium, which cannot be removed by boiling. Signup and view all the answers

How can the hardness of water affect industrial processes?

Hard water can lead to scaling in pipes and equipment, reducing efficiency and increasing maintenance costs. Signup and view all the answers