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Questions and Answers
Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by ingestion of water contaminated by human or animal excrement?
Which of the following is a water-borne disease caused by a virus?
Which chemical pollutant can cause adverse health effects when present in water?
Which type of disease is caused by poor personal hygiene and skin and eye contact with contaminated water?
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Which water-related diseases are caused by insect vectors that breed or feed near contaminated water?
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Which of the following is a heavy metal pollutant that can contaminate water sources?
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What are the main water-borne diseases mentioned in the text?
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What is the estimated annual death toll from water-related diarrhea alone?
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Which of the following is NOT listed as a way that water-borne diseases can spread?
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What is the primary target demographic for those dying from water-related diseases?
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Which of the following is NOT listed as a consequence of water-borne diseases?
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Which of the following is listed as a way to prevent water-borne diseases?
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Study Notes
Water-borne Diseases
- Caused by ingestion of water contaminated by human or animal excrement, containing pathogenic microorganisms
- Include cholera, typhoid, amoebic and bacillary dysentery, and other diarrheal diseases
- Examples of diarrheal diseases: Giardiasis (Protozoan), Cryptosporidiosis (Bacteria), Campylobacteriosis (Bacteria), Shigellosis (Bacteria), Viral Gastroenteritis (Virus), Cyclosporiasis (Parasite)
Water-borne Diseases Caused by Chemical Pollution
- Caused by the pollution of water with chemicals that have an adverse effect on health
- Examples of chemical pollutants: Arsenic, Flouride, Nitrates from fertilizers, Carcinogenic pesticides (DDT), Lead (from pipes), Heavy Metals
Water-washed Diseases
- Caused by poor personal hygiene and skin and eye contact with contaminated water
- Include scabies, trachoma, typhus, and other flea, lice, and tick-borne diseases
Water-based Diseases
- Caused by parasites found in intermediate organisms living in contaminated water
- Examples: Schistosomiasis and Dracunculiasis
Water-related Diseases
- Caused by insect vectors, especially mosquitoes, that breed or feed near contaminated water
- Typically associated with lack of access to clean drinking water or sanitation services
- Examples: dengue, filariasis, malaria, trypanosomiasis, and yellow fever
The Problem of Water-borne Diseases
- ~80% of infectious diseases are caused by water-borne diseases
- > 5 million people die each year due to water-borne diseases
- > 2 million die from water-related diarrhea alone
- Most of those dying are small children
Consequences of Water-borne Diseases
- Lost work days
- Missed educational opportunities
- Official and unofficial healthcare costs
- Draining of family resources
Control and Prevention of Water-borne Diseases
- Global governments, communities, and individuals need to work together to prevent water-borne diseases
- Education is key: hygiene education, good nutrition, and improvements in habitation and general sanitation
- Higher education training in water-related issues
- Global surveillance and public health infrastructure are essential
General Guidelines for Prevention
- Avoid contacting soil that may be contaminated with human feces
- Do not defecate outdoors
- Dispose of diapers properly
- Wash hands with soap and water before handling food
- Take precautions when traveling to countries where sanitation and hygiene are poor
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Description
Explore diseases caused by ingestion of water contaminated by human or animal excrement, including cholera, typhoid, amoebic and bacillary dysentery, and other diarrheal diseases like Giardiasis, Cryptosporidiosis, Campylobacteriosis, and Shigellosis.
