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Questions and Answers
Water is essential to all life on Earth, covering ______% of Earth’s surface.
Water is essential to all life on Earth, covering ______% of Earth’s surface.
71
Oceans hold ______% of Earth’s water.
Oceans hold ______% of Earth’s water.
96.5
Water exists naturally in three physical states: solid, liquid, and ______.
Water exists naturally in three physical states: solid, liquid, and ______.
gas
Canada has more 'lake area' than any other country in the world, covering ______% of its surface area.
Canada has more 'lake area' than any other country in the world, covering ______% of its surface area.
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Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth's surface in rock and soil ______ spaces.
Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth's surface in rock and soil ______ spaces.
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Newborn babies are composed of ______% water.
Newborn babies are composed of ______% water.
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The Great Lakes contain ______% of global fresh surface water.
The Great Lakes contain ______% of global fresh surface water.
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Less than ______% of Earth’s water is considered freshwater.
Less than ______% of Earth’s water is considered freshwater.
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Approximately ______% of Canadians depend on groundwater for drinking water.
Approximately ______% of Canadians depend on groundwater for drinking water.
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A water molecule is made of two hydrogen (H) atoms and one ______ (O) atom.
A water molecule is made of two hydrogen (H) atoms and one ______ (O) atom.
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Canada has about ______% of the world’s fresh surface water.
Canada has about ______% of the world’s fresh surface water.
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The bonds within a single water molecule are known as ______ bonds.
The bonds within a single water molecule are known as ______ bonds.
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Water is a molecule made up of two hydrogen atoms and one ______ atom.
Water is a molecule made up of two hydrogen atoms and one ______ atom.
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Interactions that occur between multiple water molecules are called ______ forces.
Interactions that occur between multiple water molecules are called ______ forces.
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Intermolecular forces are relatively ______ interactions compared to covalent bonds.
Intermolecular forces are relatively ______ interactions compared to covalent bonds.
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Intramolecular bonding occurs ______ a molecule, while intermolecular bonding occurs between molecules.
Intramolecular bonding occurs ______ a molecule, while intermolecular bonding occurs between molecules.
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Water molecules are attracted to one another through ______ attraction.
Water molecules are attracted to one another through ______ attraction.
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The ______ end of one molecule aligns with the partially negative end of another.
The ______ end of one molecule aligns with the partially negative end of another.
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The specific interaction among water molecules is known as ______ bonding.
The specific interaction among water molecules is known as ______ bonding.
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Electronegativity refers to an atom's ability to pull ______ towards itself.
Electronegativity refers to an atom's ability to pull ______ towards itself.
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______ is considered a highly electronegative atom.
______ is considered a highly electronegative atom.
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Hydrogen bonding has a significant impact on the way ______ behaves.
Hydrogen bonding has a significant impact on the way ______ behaves.
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Water is the only molecule that occurs naturally as a solid, liquid, and gas in ______ states.
Water is the only molecule that occurs naturally as a solid, liquid, and gas in ______ states.
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The interaction between molecules containing hydrogen and very electronegative atoms is known as ______ bonding.
The interaction between molecules containing hydrogen and very electronegative atoms is known as ______ bonding.
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A water molecule is represented by the chemical formula ______.
A water molecule is represented by the chemical formula ______.
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When water changes state from solid to liquid, the ______ remain intact.
When water changes state from solid to liquid, the ______ remain intact.
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Water is considered a ______ molecule due to its electron distribution.
Water is considered a ______ molecule due to its electron distribution.
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In water, oxygen is ______ as it holds electrons closer to itself.
In water, oxygen is ______ as it holds electrons closer to itself.
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The hydrogen atoms in water carry a ______ charge.
The hydrogen atoms in water carry a ______ charge.
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The term ______ refers to the interaction between two poles of differing charges in molecules.
The term ______ refers to the interaction between two poles of differing charges in molecules.
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In dipole-dipole attraction, molecules with oppositely charged regions will ______ each other.
In dipole-dipole attraction, molecules with oppositely charged regions will ______ each other.
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The Greek letter ______ represents the concept of partial charges in molecules.
The Greek letter ______ represents the concept of partial charges in molecules.
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Study Notes
Water: Background
- Water is essential for all life on Earth.
- 71% of Earth's surface is covered by water.
- Oceans hold 96.5% of Earth's water.
- Water exists in three phases: solid, liquid, and gas.
- Freshwater exists in rivers, lakes, glaciers, ice caps, soil moisture, and groundwater aquifers.
- Water vapor exists in the atmosphere.
- Water molecules are composed of three atoms: two hydrogen and one oxygen.
- Water exists as a solid (ice or snow), liquid (surface water, groundwater), and gas (water vapor or humidity).
- Surface water is found on the surface of land (streams, rivers, lakes, and wetlands).
- Groundwater is found beneath Earth's surface in rock and soil spaces.
- Seawater is water from a sea or ocean.
Water: Some Numbers
- Newborn babies are 78% water, one-year-olds 65% and adults 55-60% in water.
- The percentage of water in the body decreases with age.
- Lungs are 83% water, kidneys are 79%, brain is 73%, and heart is 73% water.
- Less than 3% of Earth's water is freshwater.
- Of that 3%, more than 68% is found in glaciers and ice caps.
- 30% is found in groundwater, and 0.3% is found in surface water.
- Most accessible drinking water comes from surface water.
- Over 99% of Earth's water is not usable without technologies (desalination, digging wells, etc.).
- Canada has abundant freshwater resources, about 20% of the world's fresh surface water.
- Canada's lakes and rivers cover 12% of the surface area.
Water: Essential Concepts
- Water is a unique molecule due to hydrogen bonding.
- Water exists in multiple physical states (solid, liquid, gas) based on the arrangement of its molecules due to intermolecular forces.
- In each state, molecules remain intact, however, the intermolecular forces change so that the water molecules remain together, and do not fall apart.
- Water is a polar molecule, meaning it has a positive and negative charge, due to oxygen pulling shared electrons closer to itself.
Water: Essential Concepts-Dipole and Hydrogen Bonding
- Water's polarity leads to dipole-dipole attractions (between water molecules).
- Hydrogen bonds are a specific type of dipole-dipole attraction in water.
- These bonds occur when hydrogen atoms are bonded to a very electronegative atom such as oxygen or nitrogen.
Water: Phase Changes
- Water exists in three phases, which can change.
- Changes in state (e.g., solid to liquid) are due to changes in intermolecular forces, not the molecules themselves.
- The phases are solid, liquid and gas.
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamental aspects of water, including its composition, phases, and significance to life on Earth. Understand the distribution of water in the environment and its presence in the human body across different ages. Test your knowledge about freshwater, saltwater, and the vital role water plays in sustaining life.
