Water and Electrolytes: Biological Role and Functions
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of water in biological processes?

  • Transporting nutrients and oxygen into cells (correct)
  • Regulating body temperature
  • Serving as a structural component of macromolecules
  • Facilitating metabolic reactions
  • What is the geometric shape of water molecules?

  • Icosahedron
  • Octahedron
  • Dodecahedron
  • Tetrahedron (correct)
  • What is the consequence of the orientation of water molecules to maximize electrostatic interaction?

  • Strengthening of covalent bonds
  • Creation of ionic bonds
  • Increase in molecular weight
  • Formation of directional hydrogen bonds (correct)
  • Which type of bond is formed between an electronegative atom and a hydrogen atom covalently linked to a second electronegative atom?

    <p>Hydrogen bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property of water allows it to act as a universal solvent?

    <p>Weak and short-lived hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the weight of living systems is comprised of water?

    <p>&gt;70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of water's structure, where each water molecule forms hydrogen bonds with 4 neighboring water molecules?

    <p>Ice is less dense than liquid water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of compounds dissolve easily in water due to their ability to form hydrogen bonds with polar groups?

    <p>Charged or polar compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property of water allows it to function as a universal solvent for a wide range of substances?

    <p>Polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the aggregation of nonpolar molecules in aqueous solution, excluding water molecules?

    <p>Hydrophobic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fluid exterior to cells, which includes interstitial fluid, blood plasma, and other reservoir fluids?

    <p>Extracellular fluid (ECF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pressure generated by the osmotic flow of water through a semipermeable membrane into an aqueous compartment containing solute at a higher concentration?

    <p>Osmotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes bulk flow of water through a semipermeable membrane into another aqueous compartment containing solute at a higher concentration?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to alterations in body fluid concentrations, such as dehydration and edema?

    <p>Body water balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of solutions have an osmolarity equal to that of a cell's cytosol?

    <p>Isotonic solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the constant body water balance maintained by?

    <p>The hormones aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the property of high cohesive and adhesive properties lead to?

    <p>Low surface tension of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

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