17 Questions
What is the primary function of water in biological processes?
Transporting nutrients and oxygen into cells
What is the geometric shape of water molecules?
Tetrahedron
What is the consequence of the orientation of water molecules to maximize electrostatic interaction?
Formation of directional hydrogen bonds
Which type of bond is formed between an electronegative atom and a hydrogen atom covalently linked to a second electronegative atom?
Hydrogen bond
Which property of water allows it to act as a universal solvent?
Weak and short-lived hydrogen bonds
What percentage of the weight of living systems is comprised of water?
>70%
What is the consequence of water's structure, where each water molecule forms hydrogen bonds with 4 neighboring water molecules?
Ice is less dense than liquid water
What type of compounds dissolve easily in water due to their ability to form hydrogen bonds with polar groups?
Charged or polar compounds
Which property of water allows it to function as a universal solvent for a wide range of substances?
Polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds
What term describes the aggregation of nonpolar molecules in aqueous solution, excluding water molecules?
Hydrophobic effect
What is the fluid exterior to cells, which includes interstitial fluid, blood plasma, and other reservoir fluids?
Extracellular fluid (ECF)
What is the pressure generated by the osmotic flow of water through a semipermeable membrane into an aqueous compartment containing solute at a higher concentration?
Osmotic pressure
What term describes bulk flow of water through a semipermeable membrane into another aqueous compartment containing solute at a higher concentration?
Osmosis
What term refers to alterations in body fluid concentrations, such as dehydration and edema?
Body water balance
Which type of solutions have an osmolarity equal to that of a cell's cytosol?
Isotonic solutions
What is the constant body water balance maintained by?
The hormones aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone
What does the property of high cohesive and adhesive properties lead to?
Low surface tension of water
This quiz covers the role of water in biological processes, including its structure, properties, and its function in transporting nutrients, regulating body temperature, and acting as a universal solvent. It also discusses the compartments of body fluids and their constituents.
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