Appetite Week 3

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a hormone released by the kidney in response to changes in arterial blood pressure?

  • Histamine
  • Angiotensin
  • ADH
  • Renin (correct)

What is the function of angiotensin in the body?

  • Raises blood pressure (correct)
  • Increases release of ADH
  • Lowers blood pressure
  • Triggers drinking

What is the link between dietary salt and blood pressure?

  • High levels of dietary sodium increase blood pressure (correct)
  • Low levels of dietary sodium decrease blood pressure
  • High levels of dietary sodium decrease blood pressure
  • Low levels of dietary sodium increase blood pressure

What is displacement in the context of animal behavior?

<p>One activity temporarily replacing another (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers anticipatory drinking?

<p>Chemical changes upon seeing/smelling food (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some positive effects of alcohol consumption?

<p>Reduces CVD deaths (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary organ responsible for metabolizing alcohol in the body?

<p>Liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the acute tolerance to alcohol?

<p>A disconnect between behavior and blood alcohol levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

<p>Low intake of thiamine (vitamin B) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common psychoactive substance consumed by most people?

<p>Caffeine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of thirst is associated with maintaining a set point and regulating water consumption when deviations occur?

<p>Homeostatic thirst (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of homeostatic drinking?

<p>Eating and blood, plasma, and cells drinking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of water to food needed for digestive purposes in the stomach?

<p>1:1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fluid compartments can cause thirst when fluid is lost from them?

<p>Both fluid inside cells and fluid outside cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for drinking mainly at night even if eating is done during the day?

<p>Schedule induced polydipsia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for drinking while water is available to 'drink while you can'?

<p>Anticipatory drinking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for excessive drinking induced by a schedule of periodic food delivery?

<p>Schedule induced polydipsia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory suggests that a dry mouth causes thirst?

<p>Dry mouth theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region has been suggested as a possible area responsible for thirst?

<p>Hypothalamus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the hypothalamus control that is related to thirst?

<p>Release of antiduretic hormone (ADH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these statements about water is true?

<p>Fresh water resources represent 0.7% of all the water on earth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of water deficit can cause severe fatigue and apathy?

<p>5-8% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is particularly vulnerable to dehydration?

<p>Elderly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause armed conflict according to leading political figures?

<p>Access to fresh water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much water is needed to generate the food consumed by the average westerner in one day?

<p>3000L (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of fresh water on Earth?

<p>Glaciers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the water deficit reaches 10%?

<p>Gross physical and mental deterioration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of fresh water resources that are accessible on Earth?

<p>0.7% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of dehydration in children?

<p>Gross physical and mental deterioration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern regarding access to fresh water?

<p>It is a global issue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about fresh water resources on Earth?

<p>Fresh water resources accessible represent about 0.7% of all the water on Earth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of bodyweight deficit at which most people die from dehydration?

<p>15% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of people are particularly vulnerable to dehydration due to insensitivity to thirst?

<p>Elderly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of dehydration in children?

<p>Death (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern regarding access to fresh water?

<p>Lack of water for food production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of armed conflict according to leading political figures?

<p>Access to fresh water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum percentage of bodyweight deficit at which severe fatigue and apathy ensue?

<p>5% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of fresh water on Earth?

<p>Glaciers and ice caps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum percentage of bodyweight deficit at which a fit adult can still function?

<p>2% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why many people do not have access to fresh or safe drinking water?

<p>Lack of infrastructure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of thirst and motivations to drink?

<p>Homeostatic and non-homeostatic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hypothalamus in relation to thirst?

<p>To start and stop drinking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region has been suggested as a possible area responsible for thirst?

<p>Hypothalamus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dry mouth theory of thirst?

<p>A dry mouth causes thirst (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main criteria that a brain region responsible for thirst must meet?

<p>Both collect information and control drinking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the peripheral mechanisms involved in thirst?

<p>Saliva levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the central mechanisms involved in thirst?

<p>Hypothalamus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main type of thirst associated with maintaining a set point and regulating water consumption?

<p>Homeostatic drinking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for excessive drinking induced by a schedule of periodic food delivery?

<p>SIP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of dehydration in psychiatric patients?

<p>Hard to control and can be fatal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of alcohol on the brain?

<p>Increases GABA receptor activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum amount of alcohol that the body can metabolize per hour?

<p>6-8 grams (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of regular drinkers who develop alcohol addiction?

<p>10% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two components of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

<p>Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff's syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

<p>Chronic alcohol abuse and poor diet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common psychoactive substance consumed by most people?

<p>Caffeine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the cognitive effects of caffeine consumption?

<p>Decreases reaction time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the physiological effects of high doses of caffeine?

<p>Causes tremors and anxiety (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the link between African Americans and high blood pressure?

<p>Higher sensitivity to angiotensin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of dehydration in children?

<p>Impaired cognitive function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released by the kidney in response to changes in arterial blood pressure?

<p>Renin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

<p>Low intake of thiamine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum amount of alcohol that the body can metabolize per hour?

<p>6-8g (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary organ responsible for metabolizing alcohol in the body?

<p>Liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of dehydration in psychiatric patients?

<p>Impaired cognitive function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern regarding access to fresh water?

<p>Limited freshwater resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the cognitive effects of caffeine consumption?

<p>Decreased reaction time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region has been suggested as a possible area responsible for thirst?

<p>Hypothalamus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main type of thirst associated with maintaining a set point and regulating water consumption?

<p>Osmotic thirst (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of bodyweight deficit at which most people die from dehydration?

<p>25% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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