Appetite Week 3
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a hormone released by the kidney in response to changes in arterial blood pressure?

  • Histamine
  • Angiotensin
  • ADH
  • Renin (correct)

    • What is the function of angiotensin in the body?

  • Raises blood pressure (correct)
  • Increases release of ADH
  • Lowers blood pressure
  • Triggers drinking

    • What is the link between dietary salt and blood pressure?

  • High levels of dietary sodium increase blood pressure (correct)
  • Low levels of dietary sodium decrease blood pressure
  • High levels of dietary sodium decrease blood pressure
  • Low levels of dietary sodium increase blood pressure

    • What is displacement in the context of animal behavior?

    <p>One activity temporarily replacing another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers anticipatory drinking?

    <p>Chemical changes upon seeing/smelling food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some positive effects of alcohol consumption?

    <p>Reduces CVD deaths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary organ responsible for metabolizing alcohol in the body?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acute tolerance to alcohol?

    <p>A disconnect between behavior and blood alcohol levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

    <p>Low intake of thiamine (vitamin B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common psychoactive substance consumed by most people?

    <p>Caffeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of thirst is associated with maintaining a set point and regulating water consumption when deviations occur?

    <p>Homeostatic thirst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of homeostatic drinking?

    <p>Eating and blood, plasma, and cells drinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of water to food needed for digestive purposes in the stomach?

    <p>1:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fluid compartments can cause thirst when fluid is lost from them?

    <p>Both fluid inside cells and fluid outside cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for drinking mainly at night even if eating is done during the day?

    <p>Schedule induced polydipsia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for drinking while water is available to 'drink while you can'?

    <p>Anticipatory drinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for excessive drinking induced by a schedule of periodic food delivery?

    <p>Schedule induced polydipsia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory suggests that a dry mouth causes thirst?

    <p>Dry mouth theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain region has been suggested as a possible area responsible for thirst?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the hypothalamus control that is related to thirst?

    <p>Release of antiduretic hormone (ADH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these statements about water is true?

    <p>Fresh water resources represent 0.7% of all the water on earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of water deficit can cause severe fatigue and apathy?

    <p>5-8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is particularly vulnerable to dehydration?

    <p>Elderly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause armed conflict according to leading political figures?

    <p>Access to fresh water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much water is needed to generate the food consumed by the average westerner in one day?

    <p>3000L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of fresh water on Earth?

    <p>Glaciers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the water deficit reaches 10%?

    <p>Gross physical and mental deterioration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of fresh water resources that are accessible on Earth?

    <p>0.7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of dehydration in children?

    <p>Gross physical and mental deterioration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern regarding access to fresh water?

    <p>It is a global issue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about fresh water resources on Earth?

    <p>Fresh water resources accessible represent about 0.7% of all the water on Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of bodyweight deficit at which most people die from dehydration?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of people are particularly vulnerable to dehydration due to insensitivity to thirst?

    <p>Elderly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of dehydration in children?

    <p>Death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern regarding access to fresh water?

    <p>Lack of water for food production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of armed conflict according to leading political figures?

    <p>Access to fresh water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum percentage of bodyweight deficit at which severe fatigue and apathy ensue?

    <p>5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of fresh water on Earth?

    <p>Glaciers and ice caps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum percentage of bodyweight deficit at which a fit adult can still function?

    <p>2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why many people do not have access to fresh or safe drinking water?

    <p>Lack of infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of thirst and motivations to drink?

    <p>Homeostatic and non-homeostatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the hypothalamus in relation to thirst?

    <p>To start and stop drinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain region has been suggested as a possible area responsible for thirst?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dry mouth theory of thirst?

    <p>A dry mouth causes thirst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main criteria that a brain region responsible for thirst must meet?

    <p>Both collect information and control drinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the peripheral mechanisms involved in thirst?

    <p>Saliva levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the central mechanisms involved in thirst?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main type of thirst associated with maintaining a set point and regulating water consumption?

    <p>Homeostatic drinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for excessive drinking induced by a schedule of periodic food delivery?

    <p>SIP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of dehydration in psychiatric patients?

    <p>Hard to control and can be fatal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of alcohol on the brain?

    <p>Increases GABA receptor activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum amount of alcohol that the body can metabolize per hour?

    <p>6-8 grams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of regular drinkers who develop alcohol addiction?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two components of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

    <p>Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff's syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

    <p>Chronic alcohol abuse and poor diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common psychoactive substance consumed by most people?

    <p>Caffeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the cognitive effects of caffeine consumption?

    <p>Decreases reaction time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the physiological effects of high doses of caffeine?

    <p>Causes tremors and anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the link between African Americans and high blood pressure?

    <p>Higher sensitivity to angiotensin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of dehydration in children?

    <p>Impaired cognitive function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released by the kidney in response to changes in arterial blood pressure?

    <p>Renin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

    <p>Low intake of thiamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum amount of alcohol that the body can metabolize per hour?

    <p>6-8g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary organ responsible for metabolizing alcohol in the body?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of dehydration in psychiatric patients?

    <p>Impaired cognitive function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern regarding access to fresh water?

    <p>Limited freshwater resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the cognitive effects of caffeine consumption?

    <p>Decreased reaction time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain region has been suggested as a possible area responsible for thirst?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main type of thirst associated with maintaining a set point and regulating water consumption?

    <p>Osmotic thirst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of bodyweight deficit at which most people die from dehydration?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

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