70 Questions
Which of the following is a hormone released by the kidney in response to changes in arterial blood pressure?
Renin
What is the function of angiotensin in the body?
Raises blood pressure
What is the link between dietary salt and blood pressure?
High levels of dietary sodium increase blood pressure
What is displacement in the context of animal behavior?
One activity temporarily replacing another
What triggers anticipatory drinking?
Chemical changes upon seeing/smelling food
What are some positive effects of alcohol consumption?
Reduces CVD deaths
What is the primary organ responsible for metabolizing alcohol in the body?
Liver
What is the acute tolerance to alcohol?
A disconnect between behavior and blood alcohol levels
What is a potential cause of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
Low intake of thiamine (vitamin B)
What is the most common psychoactive substance consumed by most people?
Caffeine
Which type of thirst is associated with maintaining a set point and regulating water consumption when deviations occur?
Homeostatic thirst
What are the two main types of homeostatic drinking?
Eating and blood, plasma, and cells drinking
What is the ratio of water to food needed for digestive purposes in the stomach?
1:1
Which fluid compartments can cause thirst when fluid is lost from them?
Both fluid inside cells and fluid outside cells
What is the name for drinking mainly at night even if eating is done during the day?
Schedule induced polydipsia
What is the term for drinking while water is available to 'drink while you can'?
Anticipatory drinking
What is the name for excessive drinking induced by a schedule of periodic food delivery?
Schedule induced polydipsia
Which theory suggests that a dry mouth causes thirst?
Dry mouth theory
Which brain region has been suggested as a possible area responsible for thirst?
Hypothalamus
What does the hypothalamus control that is related to thirst?
Release of antiduretic hormone (ADH)
Which one of these statements about water is true?
Fresh water resources represent 0.7% of all the water on earth
What percentage of water deficit can cause severe fatigue and apathy?
5-8%
Who is particularly vulnerable to dehydration?
Elderly
What can cause armed conflict according to leading political figures?
Access to fresh water
How much water is needed to generate the food consumed by the average westerner in one day?
3000L
What is the main source of fresh water on Earth?
Glaciers
What happens when the water deficit reaches 10%?
Gross physical and mental deterioration
What is the percentage of fresh water resources that are accessible on Earth?
0.7%
What is the consequence of dehydration in children?
Gross physical and mental deterioration
What is the main concern regarding access to fresh water?
It is a global issue
Which of the following is true about fresh water resources on Earth?
Fresh water resources accessible represent about 0.7% of all the water on Earth
What is the percentage of bodyweight deficit at which most people die from dehydration?
15%
Which group of people are particularly vulnerable to dehydration due to insensitivity to thirst?
Elderly
What is the consequence of dehydration in children?
Death
What is the main concern regarding access to fresh water?
Lack of water for food production
What is the primary cause of armed conflict according to leading political figures?
Access to fresh water
What is the minimum percentage of bodyweight deficit at which severe fatigue and apathy ensue?
5%
What is the main source of fresh water on Earth?
Glaciers and ice caps
What is the minimum percentage of bodyweight deficit at which a fit adult can still function?
2%
What is the main reason why many people do not have access to fresh or safe drinking water?
Lack of infrastructure
What are the two main types of thirst and motivations to drink?
Homeostatic and non-homeostatic
What is the function of the hypothalamus in relation to thirst?
To start and stop drinking
Which brain region has been suggested as a possible area responsible for thirst?
Hypothalamus
What is the dry mouth theory of thirst?
A dry mouth causes thirst
What is the main criteria that a brain region responsible for thirst must meet?
Both collect information and control drinking
What are the peripheral mechanisms involved in thirst?
Saliva levels
What are the central mechanisms involved in thirst?
Hypothalamus
What is the main type of thirst associated with maintaining a set point and regulating water consumption?
Homeostatic drinking
What is the name for excessive drinking induced by a schedule of periodic food delivery?
SIP
What is the consequence of dehydration in psychiatric patients?
Hard to control and can be fatal
What is the primary effect of alcohol on the brain?
Increases GABA receptor activity
What is the maximum amount of alcohol that the body can metabolize per hour?
6-8 grams
What is the percentage of regular drinkers who develop alcohol addiction?
10%
What are the two components of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff's syndrome
What is the main cause of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
Chronic alcohol abuse and poor diet
What is the most common psychoactive substance consumed by most people?
Caffeine
What are the cognitive effects of caffeine consumption?
Decreases reaction time
What are the physiological effects of high doses of caffeine?
Causes tremors and anxiety
What is the link between African Americans and high blood pressure?
Higher sensitivity to angiotensin
What is the potential consequence of dehydration in children?
Impaired cognitive function
Which hormone is released by the kidney in response to changes in arterial blood pressure?
Renin
What is the primary cause of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
Low intake of thiamine
What is the maximum amount of alcohol that the body can metabolize per hour?
6-8g
What is the primary organ responsible for metabolizing alcohol in the body?
Liver
What is the main consequence of dehydration in psychiatric patients?
Impaired cognitive function
What is the main concern regarding access to fresh water?
Limited freshwater resources
What are the cognitive effects of caffeine consumption?
Decreased reaction time
Which brain region has been suggested as a possible area responsible for thirst?
Hypothalamus
What is the main type of thirst associated with maintaining a set point and regulating water consumption?
Osmotic thirst
What is the percentage of bodyweight deficit at which most people die from dehydration?
25%
Test your knowledge on water and alcohol in this quiz. Learn interesting facts about the scarcity of fresh water resources and the impact of water consumption on food production. Challenge yourself to understand the relationship between water and alcohol.
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