42 Questions
Which factors influence human food choice?
All of the above
What is included in the broader food choice?
Plants, animals, fungi, and algae
What do innate systems help us with in terms of food choice?
Selecting safe food
What percentage of Australians are currently overweight or obese?
40%
What is one consequence of dietary choice mentioned in the text?
Increased risk of cancer
What is the main reason for understanding people's preferences in the food business?
To increase sales volume
What is the main genetic disposition that influences our preference for food?
Sweet preference
Which of the following is a reason why reducing salt intake is difficult to implement?
Excess salt consumption occurs passively in processed food
Why do neonates find bitter tastes disgusting?
Bitter tastes are associated with poisonous substances
Why can Northern Europeans tolerate milk into adulthood?
Lactase production
Which animal was first observed to exhibit social learning in food preferences?
Rats
What did rat pups preferentially feed on?
Rat faeces
What did Birch's study on children's food preferences show?
Children's food preferences are influenced by the toys they want to play with
Which factor is genetically based and dominant in determining lactase production into adulthood?
Genetics
Which theory suggests that our bodies have the ability to naturally select a nutritionally complete diet?
The wisdom of the body theory
Which personality trait is associated with excess weight gain and consumption of fast foods?
Impulsivity
Which study showed that children can select a balanced diet when given a range of nutritious foods?
Clara Davis's study
Which nerve has more fibers dedicated to sweet than any other taste?
Chorda tympani nerve
Which brain areas are rich in endogenous opioids and seem to drive our liking for sweet taste?
Periaqueductal grey and the NA shell
What phenomenon is naloxone sensitive and can be observed in rats fed sucrose?
Increased pain tolerance
What evidence do we have that sucrose liking is reduced in 'supertasters'?
They need less sugar to get the same hit
Food choice is influenced by _______ systems that guide our preferences
innate
The broader food choice includes all plants, animals, fungi, algae etc that would yield _______
energy
Culture defines _______ things as edible
food
Low salt diets reduce preference for saltier ______
food
Most of our excess salt consumption occurs passively in processed ______
food
Being a mammal is synonymous with the consumption of ______ in infancy
milk
______ learning is likely to be an important means by which children develop food preferences
Social
Given how social eating is, especially with children, it should not be surprising to learn how pervasive an influence ______ are on what we choose to eat
Other people
Getting from milk to adult-like preferences - the mechanisms that work to build up an adults repertoire of food likes and dislikes can be seen as cumulative effect of all the ______ we have reviewed
Processes
The ability to produce lactase into adulthood is ______ based and is dominant.
genetically
Pastoralist societies with limited food resources would benefit from ______ tolerance.
lactose
Personality traits, such as conscientiousness and sensation seeking, can influence food ______.
preferences
The biological needs model suggests that our food likes and dislikes are shaped by our need for specific ______.
nutrients
Fructose intolerance is caused by an inability to move ______ across the gut wall
fructose
Most of us have an inverted U shaped liking response to ______ as a function of its concentration
sucrose
Salt is an essential part of our diet and lack of ______ is fatal
it
Salt deprivation results in no change in the taste nerve’s sensitivity to salt, but a lower response to higher ______
concentrations
The food business is ________ in Australia
big business
A sweetened food will be taken in in preference to a _______ one
non-sweetened
If experience affected sweetness preference, then such preference should increase with age as it does for ________ and alcohol
chilli pepper
If there is not much evidence favouring an experiential explanation of this preference, how might the body 'build it ________'
in
Study Notes
Factors Influencing Food Choice: Genetics, Biology, and Experience
- Exposure to milk does not increase lactase production in lactose intolerant individuals.
- The ability to produce lactase into adulthood is genetically based and is dominant.
- Pastoralist societies with limited food resources would benefit from lactose tolerance.
- Personality traits, such as conscientiousness and sensation seeking, can influence food preferences.
- Impulsivity is associated with excess weight gain and consumption of fast foods.
- Genetic influences play a role in food preferences for sweet, salty, and bitter foods.
- Our capacity to learn about food choices is the most important genetic influence.
- The biological needs model suggests that our food likes and dislikes are shaped by our need for specific nutrients.
- The wisdom of the body theory suggests that our bodies can naturally select a nutritionally complete diet.
- Clara Davis's study on toddlers in 1935 showed that children can select a balanced diet when given a range of nutritious foods.
- Mechanisms that affect food preferences include neophobia, which is a reluctance to try unfamiliar foods.
- Experiential factors, such as associative learning and social learning, can change food preferences.
Factors Influencing Food Choice: Genetics, Biology, and Experience
- Exposure to milk does not increase lactase production in lactose intolerant individuals.
- The ability to produce lactase into adulthood is genetically based and is dominant.
- Pastoralist societies with limited food resources would benefit from lactose tolerance.
- Personality traits, such as conscientiousness and sensation seeking, can influence food preferences.
- Impulsivity is associated with excess weight gain and consumption of fast foods.
- Genetic influences play a role in food preferences for sweet, salty, and bitter foods.
- Our capacity to learn about food choices is the most important genetic influence.
- The biological needs model suggests that our food likes and dislikes are shaped by our need for specific nutrients.
- The wisdom of the body theory suggests that our bodies can naturally select a nutritionally complete diet.
- Clara Davis's study on toddlers in 1935 showed that children can select a balanced diet when given a range of nutritious foods.
- Mechanisms that affect food preferences include neophobia, which is a reluctance to try unfamiliar foods.
- Experiential factors, such as associative learning and social learning, can change food preferences.
Test your knowledge on the various factors that influence our food choices, including genetics, biology, and experience. Explore how our genetic makeup, biological needs, and past experiences shape our preferences and behaviors when it comes to food. Discover the impact of personality traits, impulsivity, and social learning on our food choices. Learn about influential studies and theories that shed light on our complex relationship with food.
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