Waste-to-Energy Plants in India
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Waste-to-Energy Plants in India

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Questions and Answers

Which plant has the highest power generation capacity?

  • Hindustan Waste Treatment Plant at Saligao
  • Okhla
  • Narela-Bawana
  • Jabalpur MSW Pvt.Ltd. (correct)

    • How much waste can the Okhla plant process daily?

  • 1300 Mt/day
  • 320 Mt/day
  • 2000 Mt/day (correct)
  • 300 Mt/day

    • Which of the following plants is currently under construction?

  • Narela-Bawana
  • Shimla (correct)
  • Hindustan Waste Treatment Plant
  • Jabalpur MSW Pvt.Ltd.

    • What is the waste intake capacity of the Narela-Bawana plant?

    <p>1300 Mt/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fuel is produced from the waste processed at the Shimla plant?

    <p>Bio-briquettes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What beneficial products can be derived from the garbage processed at the Okhla waste-to-energy plant?

    <p>Electricity, organic compost, and plastics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is cited as a major reason for the sluggish growth of the waste-to-energy sector in India?

    <p>Lack of cooperation from municipalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of composting as a method of organic waste management?

    <p>To decompose organic matter into valuable manure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Bangalore method of composting save labor costs?

    <p>There is no need for regular turning or water sprinkling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consequence did the poor quality of feedstock lead to in the 6 MW MSW-to-biogas project in Lucknow?

    <p>Failure and shutdown within a year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary process involved in composting to decompose organic matter?

    <p>Aerobic and anaerobic processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What layer should be spread on the bottom of the composting pit according to the filling method described?

    <p>Moist farm refuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the NADEP method of composting minimize in its process?

    <p>The use of cattle dung</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main limitation of onsite composting?

    <p>Animal products and large quantities of food scraps are unsuitable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it typically take to produce usable castings in vermicomposting?

    <p>3 to 4 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which composting method is best suited for large volumes generated by communities?

    <p>Aerated (Turned) Windrow Composting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an ideal height for windrows in Aerated (Turned) Windrow Composting?

    <p>4 to 8 feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not suitable for Aerated Static Pile Composting?

    <p>Animal byproducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be produced from vermicomposting?

    <p>Castings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes Aerated Static Pile Composting from other methods?

    <p>It produces compost relatively quickly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best use for the compost produced from onsite composting?

    <p>Potting soil for home gardening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the power generation capacity of the waste-to-energy plant in Solapur?

    <p>3 MW</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following municipalities in Tamil Nadu has a daily capacity for a biomethanation plant?

    <p>Karur Municipality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology is the Kurumbapet waste processing facility in Pondicherry based on?

    <p>Nisargruna Technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state has the highest number of waste-to-energy plants operating in partial capacity?

    <p>Maharashtra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much waste can the Kanpur plant process daily?

    <p>1500 Mt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which municipality in Tamil Nadu reported the lowest number of units processed per day?

    <p>Erode Municipal Corporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which city in Uttar Pradesh has a waste-to-energy plant that is currently nonoperational?

    <p>Kanpur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of energy generation does the Otteri site in Tamil Nadu focus on?

    <p>Biomethanation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary type of processing employed in the Solapur plant?

    <p>RDF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cities has a waste management facility that is still under construction?

    <p>Bhubaneswar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of in-vessel composting compared to traditional methods?

    <p>It can accommodate virtually any organic waste type.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT part of the engineered landfill?

    <p>Aeration system for organic composting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which waste treatment method produces compost in just a few weeks?

    <p>In-vessel composting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical feature of aerated static pile composting?

    <p>Air passes from the bottom to the top of the pile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Delhi's solid waste management, which statement is true?

    <p>Recyclists play an essential role in transporting waste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much solid waste is generated daily by Chandigarh’s population?

    <p>370 tonnes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the bulking agents used in aerated static pile composting?

    <p>They allow air to circulate within the pile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle of waste collection does Chandigarh implement?

    <p>Employment of a large number of sweepers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Waste-to-Energy Plants in India

    • Okhla (Delhi) is one of India's four operational waste-to-energy plants
    • Okhla plant generates 16 MW of power
    • The plant processes 2000 Mt/day of Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF)
    • People living near the Okhla plant have filed legal action due to a strong stench
    • The Ghazipur plant in Delhi is operational and processes 1300 Mt/day of RDF
    • The Narela-Bawana plant in Delhi is operational and processes 1300 Mt/day of RDF
    • The Hindustan Waste treatment plant in Saligao, Goa, is operational and converts 70-100 t of solid waste into bio-briquettes
    • The Shimla Waste-to-Energy plant in Himachal Pradesh is under construction and will generate 2.5 MW of power
    • The Jabalpur MSW Pvt. Ltd plant in Madhya Pradesh is operational and generates 11.5 MW of power
    • The Solapur plant in Maharashtra is operational and generates 3 MW of power
    • The Solapur plant processes 700 Mt/day of waste using gasification/pyrolysis
    • The Kolahapur plant in Maharashtra is proposed and expected to generate 2 MW of power
    • The Bhubaneswar MC plant in Orissa is under construction and will generate 11.5 MW of power
    • Punjab has 8 proposed waste-to-energy plants (Bathinda, Ludhiana, GMADA, Patiala, Ferozepur, Amritsar, Jalandhar, Pathankot)
    • One of Punjab's plants in Nakodar (for the Ludhiana cluster) is installed but not operational
    • The Kurumbapet waste processing facility in Pondicherry is under construction and will be based on Nisargruna Technology developed by BARC
    • The Kurumbapet facility will generate 120 KVA of power
    • The Greater Chennai Corporation in Tamil Nadu has several operational bio-methanation plants in Pulianthope, Velankadu, and Otteri
    • The Chennai Corporation plants generate 12 KWH, 4.8 KWH, and 7.5 KWH of power respectively using bio-methanation
    • The Trichy Corporation in Tamil Nadu has a biomethanation/power plant generating 0.45 MW of power
    • The Erode Municipal Corporation (Vendipalayam) in Tamil Nadu has a biomethanation plant processing 500 M3/day of waste
    • Tamil Nadu has several other municipalities with operational bio-methanation plants (Parambalpur, Nagapattinum, Namakkal, Tiruchengode, Pallipalayam, and Karur)
    • The Karimnagar plant in Telangana is operational and generates 12 MW of power
    • The Karimnagar plant processes 1100 Mt/day of RDF
    • The Kanpur plant in Uttar Pradesh is non-operational and processes 1500 Mt/day of RDF
    • The Barasat Municipality plant in West Bengal is under construction
    • There are 29 waste-to-energy plants in India, including those in operation, under construction, and partially operational
    • Many of the plants utilize RDF as fuel
    • A major reason hindering the growth of the waste-to-energy sector in India is lack of cooperation from municipalities
    • A lack of skilled personnel is another challenge
    • Poor public support and awareness are significant hurdles
    • Connivance between municipal officials and local politicians/garbage mafia creates obstacles in waste collecting and transportation
    • The supply of poor-quality feedstock to waste-to-energy plants has resulted in several high-profile project failures including the 6 MW MSW-to-biogas project in Lucknow
    • The Lucknow project was shut down within a year due to waste quality issues

    Biological Processing of MSW

    • Composting is the natural process of decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms under controlled conditions
    • Compost is used as a fertilizer and soil amendment in organic farming
    • Composting is a biochemical process in which aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms decompose organic matter into valuable manure
    • The Bangalore method of composting saves labor costs because it requires no turning or regular watering
    • In the Bangalore method, moist farm refuse is spread at the bottom of a pit followed by layers of cattle dung, urinated mud, and soil
    • The heap is built to 1.5-2.0 feet above ground level and covered with mud
    • Compost is ready for use after 8-9 months
    • The NADEP method facilitates composting with minimal use of cattle dung, and decomposition occurs aerobically

    Types of Composting

    • Onsite composting is suitable for small amounts of waste and involves composting food waste and yard trimmings
    • Vermicomposting uses red worms in bins to break down organic matter into compost called castings
    • Worm bins are easy to construct and purchase
    • One pound of mature worms can consume 0.5 pounds of organic material daily
    • Vermicomposting typically takes 3-4 months to produce usable castings
    • Aerated (turned) windrow composting is suitable for large-scale projects and processes yard trimmings, grease, liquids, and animal wastes
    • In windrow composting, long rows of organic waste piles are aerated periodically through manual or mechanical turning
    • The ideal windrow pile is 4-8 feet high and 14-16 feet wide
    • Aerated static pile composting produces compost within 3-6 months and is suited for homogenous mixes of organic waste such as yard trimmings, compostable municipal solid waste, and food scraps but not for animal byproducts or grease
    • In aerated static pile composting, organic waste is mixed in a large pile with layers of bulking agents to ensure aeration
    • In-vessel composting can process large amounts of waste without taking up much space and is capable of processing diverse waste types including meat, animal manure, biosolids, and food scraps
    • In-vessel composting involves feeding organic materials into a drum, silo, or similar equipment and controlling environmental conditions such as temperature, moisture, and airflow
    • In-vessel composting typically produces compost within a few weeks

    Engineered Landfill Components

    • Liner system
    • Leachate collection and treatment facility
    • Gas collection and treatment facility
    • Final cover system
    • Surface water drainage system
    • Environmental monitoring system
    • Closure and post-closure plan

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