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Questions and Answers
Which plant has the highest power generation capacity?
Which plant has the highest power generation capacity?
How much waste can the Okhla plant process daily?
How much waste can the Okhla plant process daily?
Which of the following plants is currently under construction?
Which of the following plants is currently under construction?
What is the waste intake capacity of the Narela-Bawana plant?
What is the waste intake capacity of the Narela-Bawana plant?
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What type of fuel is produced from the waste processed at the Shimla plant?
What type of fuel is produced from the waste processed at the Shimla plant?
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What beneficial products can be derived from the garbage processed at the Okhla waste-to-energy plant?
What beneficial products can be derived from the garbage processed at the Okhla waste-to-energy plant?
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Which of the following factors is cited as a major reason for the sluggish growth of the waste-to-energy sector in India?
Which of the following factors is cited as a major reason for the sluggish growth of the waste-to-energy sector in India?
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What is the main goal of composting as a method of organic waste management?
What is the main goal of composting as a method of organic waste management?
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How does the Bangalore method of composting save labor costs?
How does the Bangalore method of composting save labor costs?
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What consequence did the poor quality of feedstock lead to in the 6 MW MSW-to-biogas project in Lucknow?
What consequence did the poor quality of feedstock lead to in the 6 MW MSW-to-biogas project in Lucknow?
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What is the primary process involved in composting to decompose organic matter?
What is the primary process involved in composting to decompose organic matter?
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What layer should be spread on the bottom of the composting pit according to the filling method described?
What layer should be spread on the bottom of the composting pit according to the filling method described?
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What does the NADEP method of composting minimize in its process?
What does the NADEP method of composting minimize in its process?
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What is the main limitation of onsite composting?
What is the main limitation of onsite composting?
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How long does it typically take to produce usable castings in vermicomposting?
How long does it typically take to produce usable castings in vermicomposting?
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Which composting method is best suited for large volumes generated by communities?
Which composting method is best suited for large volumes generated by communities?
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What is an ideal height for windrows in Aerated (Turned) Windrow Composting?
What is an ideal height for windrows in Aerated (Turned) Windrow Composting?
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Which of the following is not suitable for Aerated Static Pile Composting?
Which of the following is not suitable for Aerated Static Pile Composting?
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What can be produced from vermicomposting?
What can be produced from vermicomposting?
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What characteristic distinguishes Aerated Static Pile Composting from other methods?
What characteristic distinguishes Aerated Static Pile Composting from other methods?
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What is the best use for the compost produced from onsite composting?
What is the best use for the compost produced from onsite composting?
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What is the power generation capacity of the waste-to-energy plant in Solapur?
What is the power generation capacity of the waste-to-energy plant in Solapur?
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Which of the following municipalities in Tamil Nadu has a daily capacity for a biomethanation plant?
Which of the following municipalities in Tamil Nadu has a daily capacity for a biomethanation plant?
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What technology is the Kurumbapet waste processing facility in Pondicherry based on?
What technology is the Kurumbapet waste processing facility in Pondicherry based on?
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Which state has the highest number of waste-to-energy plants operating in partial capacity?
Which state has the highest number of waste-to-energy plants operating in partial capacity?
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How much waste can the Kanpur plant process daily?
How much waste can the Kanpur plant process daily?
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Which municipality in Tamil Nadu reported the lowest number of units processed per day?
Which municipality in Tamil Nadu reported the lowest number of units processed per day?
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Which city in Uttar Pradesh has a waste-to-energy plant that is currently nonoperational?
Which city in Uttar Pradesh has a waste-to-energy plant that is currently nonoperational?
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What type of energy generation does the Otteri site in Tamil Nadu focus on?
What type of energy generation does the Otteri site in Tamil Nadu focus on?
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What is the primary type of processing employed in the Solapur plant?
What is the primary type of processing employed in the Solapur plant?
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Which of the following cities has a waste management facility that is still under construction?
Which of the following cities has a waste management facility that is still under construction?
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What is a significant advantage of in-vessel composting compared to traditional methods?
What is a significant advantage of in-vessel composting compared to traditional methods?
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Which component is NOT part of the engineered landfill?
Which component is NOT part of the engineered landfill?
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Which waste treatment method produces compost in just a few weeks?
Which waste treatment method produces compost in just a few weeks?
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What is a typical feature of aerated static pile composting?
What is a typical feature of aerated static pile composting?
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In the context of Delhi's solid waste management, which statement is true?
In the context of Delhi's solid waste management, which statement is true?
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How much solid waste is generated daily by Chandigarh’s population?
How much solid waste is generated daily by Chandigarh’s population?
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What is a characteristic of the bulking agents used in aerated static pile composting?
What is a characteristic of the bulking agents used in aerated static pile composting?
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What principle of waste collection does Chandigarh implement?
What principle of waste collection does Chandigarh implement?
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Study Notes
Waste-to-Energy Plants in India
- Okhla (Delhi) is one of India's four operational waste-to-energy plants
- Okhla plant generates 16 MW of power
- The plant processes 2000 Mt/day of Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF)
- People living near the Okhla plant have filed legal action due to a strong stench
- The Ghazipur plant in Delhi is operational and processes 1300 Mt/day of RDF
- The Narela-Bawana plant in Delhi is operational and processes 1300 Mt/day of RDF
- The Hindustan Waste treatment plant in Saligao, Goa, is operational and converts 70-100 t of solid waste into bio-briquettes
- The Shimla Waste-to-Energy plant in Himachal Pradesh is under construction and will generate 2.5 MW of power
- The Jabalpur MSW Pvt. Ltd plant in Madhya Pradesh is operational and generates 11.5 MW of power
- The Solapur plant in Maharashtra is operational and generates 3 MW of power
- The Solapur plant processes 700 Mt/day of waste using gasification/pyrolysis
- The Kolahapur plant in Maharashtra is proposed and expected to generate 2 MW of power
- The Bhubaneswar MC plant in Orissa is under construction and will generate 11.5 MW of power
- Punjab has 8 proposed waste-to-energy plants (Bathinda, Ludhiana, GMADA, Patiala, Ferozepur, Amritsar, Jalandhar, Pathankot)
- One of Punjab's plants in Nakodar (for the Ludhiana cluster) is installed but not operational
- The Kurumbapet waste processing facility in Pondicherry is under construction and will be based on Nisargruna Technology developed by BARC
- The Kurumbapet facility will generate 120 KVA of power
- The Greater Chennai Corporation in Tamil Nadu has several operational bio-methanation plants in Pulianthope, Velankadu, and Otteri
- The Chennai Corporation plants generate 12 KWH, 4.8 KWH, and 7.5 KWH of power respectively using bio-methanation
- The Trichy Corporation in Tamil Nadu has a biomethanation/power plant generating 0.45 MW of power
- The Erode Municipal Corporation (Vendipalayam) in Tamil Nadu has a biomethanation plant processing 500 M3/day of waste
- Tamil Nadu has several other municipalities with operational bio-methanation plants (Parambalpur, Nagapattinum, Namakkal, Tiruchengode, Pallipalayam, and Karur)
- The Karimnagar plant in Telangana is operational and generates 12 MW of power
- The Karimnagar plant processes 1100 Mt/day of RDF
- The Kanpur plant in Uttar Pradesh is non-operational and processes 1500 Mt/day of RDF
- The Barasat Municipality plant in West Bengal is under construction
- There are 29 waste-to-energy plants in India, including those in operation, under construction, and partially operational
- Many of the plants utilize RDF as fuel
- A major reason hindering the growth of the waste-to-energy sector in India is lack of cooperation from municipalities
- A lack of skilled personnel is another challenge
- Poor public support and awareness are significant hurdles
- Connivance between municipal officials and local politicians/garbage mafia creates obstacles in waste collecting and transportation
- The supply of poor-quality feedstock to waste-to-energy plants has resulted in several high-profile project failures including the 6 MW MSW-to-biogas project in Lucknow
- The Lucknow project was shut down within a year due to waste quality issues
Biological Processing of MSW
- Composting is the natural process of decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms under controlled conditions
- Compost is used as a fertilizer and soil amendment in organic farming
- Composting is a biochemical process in which aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms decompose organic matter into valuable manure
- The Bangalore method of composting saves labor costs because it requires no turning or regular watering
- In the Bangalore method, moist farm refuse is spread at the bottom of a pit followed by layers of cattle dung, urinated mud, and soil
- The heap is built to 1.5-2.0 feet above ground level and covered with mud
- Compost is ready for use after 8-9 months
- The NADEP method facilitates composting with minimal use of cattle dung, and decomposition occurs aerobically
Types of Composting
- Onsite composting is suitable for small amounts of waste and involves composting food waste and yard trimmings
- Vermicomposting uses red worms in bins to break down organic matter into compost called castings
- Worm bins are easy to construct and purchase
- One pound of mature worms can consume 0.5 pounds of organic material daily
- Vermicomposting typically takes 3-4 months to produce usable castings
- Aerated (turned) windrow composting is suitable for large-scale projects and processes yard trimmings, grease, liquids, and animal wastes
- In windrow composting, long rows of organic waste piles are aerated periodically through manual or mechanical turning
- The ideal windrow pile is 4-8 feet high and 14-16 feet wide
- Aerated static pile composting produces compost within 3-6 months and is suited for homogenous mixes of organic waste such as yard trimmings, compostable municipal solid waste, and food scraps but not for animal byproducts or grease
- In aerated static pile composting, organic waste is mixed in a large pile with layers of bulking agents to ensure aeration
- In-vessel composting can process large amounts of waste without taking up much space and is capable of processing diverse waste types including meat, animal manure, biosolids, and food scraps
- In-vessel composting involves feeding organic materials into a drum, silo, or similar equipment and controlling environmental conditions such as temperature, moisture, and airflow
- In-vessel composting typically produces compost within a few weeks
Engineered Landfill Components
- Liner system
- Leachate collection and treatment facility
- Gas collection and treatment facility
- Final cover system
- Surface water drainage system
- Environmental monitoring system
- Closure and post-closure plan
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Description
This quiz explores the various waste-to-energy plants operational in India, focusing on their power generation capacities and waste processing capabilities. Learn about the legal challenges faced by some plants, as well as ongoing projects like the one in Shimla. Test your knowledge on India's initiatives in waste management and energy production.
