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Questions and Answers
The Washington Conference (1921) aimed to reduce naval armaments among which major powers?
The Washington Conference (1921) aimed to reduce naval armaments among which major powers?
The Five Power Treaty stipulated that the five nations with the largest navies should maintain a ratio with respect to their largest warships.
The Five Power Treaty stipulated that the five nations with the largest navies should maintain a ratio with respect to their largest warships.
True (A)
The Four Power Treaty involved a commitment from the US, France, GB, and Japan to respect each other's territories in the Pacific.
The Four Power Treaty involved a commitment from the US, France, GB, and Japan to respect each other's territories in the Pacific.
True (A)
What did the Nine-Power Treaty involve the agreement of all nations to respect?
What did the Nine-Power Treaty involve the agreement of all nations to respect?
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The Kellogg-Briand Pact, signed in 1928, aimed to completely eliminate warfare.
The Kellogg-Briand Pact, signed in 1928, aimed to completely eliminate warfare.
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U.S. investments in Latin America decreased significantly between 1919 and 1929.
U.S. investments in Latin America decreased significantly between 1919 and 1929.
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The discovery of oil in the Middle East played a major role in increased US and GB involvement in the region.
The discovery of oil in the Middle East played a major role in increased US and GB involvement in the region.
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Tariffs passed by Congress in 1922 aimed to protect American industries by imposing higher tariffs on imported manufactured goods.
Tariffs passed by Congress in 1922 aimed to protect American industries by imposing higher tariffs on imported manufactured goods.
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After World War I, the U.S. became a creditor nation for the first time.
After World War I, the U.S. became a creditor nation for the first time.
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The Dawes Plan, proposed by Coolidge's Vice President, aimed to help Germany rebuild its economy by providing them financial assistance.
The Dawes Plan, proposed by Coolidge's Vice President, aimed to help Germany rebuild its economy by providing them financial assistance.
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What did Hoover's foreign policy focus on, particularly in Latin America?
What did Hoover's foreign policy focus on, particularly in Latin America?
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What event marked a turning point in Japan's violation of the Open Door Policy and the League of Nations?
What event marked a turning point in Japan's violation of the Open Door Policy and the League of Nations?
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What was the Stimson Doctrine's main purpose?
What was the Stimson Doctrine's main purpose?
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FDR's Good Neighbor Policy aimed to strengthen US intervention in Latin American affairs.
FDR's Good Neighbor Policy aimed to strengthen US intervention in Latin American affairs.
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FDR's administration convinced Congress to repeal the Platt Amendment, effectively ending the U.S.'s control over Cuba.
FDR's administration convinced Congress to repeal the Platt Amendment, effectively ending the U.S.'s control over Cuba.
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FDR encouraged the U.S. government to get directly involved when Mexico seized control of American-owned oil properties.
FDR encouraged the U.S. government to get directly involved when Mexico seized control of American-owned oil properties.
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FDR's decision to recognize the Soviet Union in 1933 led to decreased U.S. trade with the Soviet Union.
FDR's decision to recognize the Soviet Union in 1933 led to decreased U.S. trade with the Soviet Union.
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During the Depression, the upkeep of the Philippines was considered a financial burden by the U.S.
During the Depression, the upkeep of the Philippines was considered a financial burden by the U.S.
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FDR's administration aimed to increase trade by promoting reciprocal trade policies.
FDR's administration aimed to increase trade by promoting reciprocal trade policies.
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The rise of Fascism and Militarism in Europe during the 1920s and 1930s posed a significant threat to global stability.
The rise of Fascism and Militarism in Europe during the 1920s and 1930s posed a significant threat to global stability.
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Benito Mussolini's fascist government in Italy promoted national unity through aggression and domination.
Benito Mussolini's fascist government in Italy promoted national unity through aggression and domination.
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Hitler and the Nazi party gained control of the German government in 1933, and immediately sought to decrease Germany's military capabilities.
Hitler and the Nazi party gained control of the German government in 1933, and immediately sought to decrease Germany's military capabilities.
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Japan's growing nationalism and militarism during the 1920s and 1930s primarily focused on internal development and avoided expansionist policies.
Japan's growing nationalism and militarism during the 1920s and 1930s primarily focused on internal development and avoided expansionist policies.
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The Spanish Civil War was a conflict between a fascist side led by Francisco Franco and a democratic one.
The Spanish Civil War was a conflict between a fascist side led by Francisco Franco and a democratic one.
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The America First Committee, formed by Charles Lindberg, supported U.S. involvement in the growing conflict in Europe and Japan.
The America First Committee, formed by Charles Lindberg, supported U.S. involvement in the growing conflict in Europe and Japan.
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A congressional committee found that the primary reason for U.S. involvement in World War I was to protect American interests.
A congressional committee found that the primary reason for U.S. involvement in World War I was to protect American interests.
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The Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 sought to prevent U.S. involvement in European conflicts by limiting arms sales and travel to belligerent nations.
The Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 sought to prevent U.S. involvement in European conflicts by limiting arms sales and travel to belligerent nations.
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Roosevelt's initial policies toward the growing European conflict were designed to move the U.S. toward direct military involvement.
Roosevelt's initial policies toward the growing European conflict were designed to move the U.S. toward direct military involvement.
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The policy of Cash and Carry allowed the U.S. to directly sell arms to belligerents under specific conditions, including payment in cash and transportation by the recipient nation.
The policy of Cash and Carry allowed the U.S. to directly sell arms to belligerents under specific conditions, including payment in cash and transportation by the recipient nation.
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The Selective Service Act of 1940 established a draft system for U.S. citizens to prepare for a potential war.
The Selective Service Act of 1940 established a draft system for U.S. citizens to prepare for a potential war.
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The Destroyers for Bases deal involved the U.S. trading 50 older destroyer ships with Great Britain for military bases in the Caribbean.
The Destroyers for Bases deal involved the U.S. trading 50 older destroyer ships with Great Britain for military bases in the Caribbean.
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The Lend-Lease Act allowed the U.S. to lend or lease war materials to any country whose defense was deemed vital to U.S. security.
The Lend-Lease Act allowed the U.S. to lend or lease war materials to any country whose defense was deemed vital to U.S. security.
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The Atlantic Charter was issued in 1941 as a joint declaration of principles between the U.S. and the Soviet Union during WWII.
The Atlantic Charter was issued in 1941 as a joint declaration of principles between the U.S. and the Soviet Union during WWII.
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Before entering the war, Roosevelt instructed the U.S. navy to shoot on sight at German U-boats operating in the Atlantic.
Before entering the war, Roosevelt instructed the U.S. navy to shoot on sight at German U-boats operating in the Atlantic.
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The Axis Powers during World War II were comprised of Germany, Italy, and Japan.
The Axis Powers during World War II were comprised of Germany, Italy, and Japan.
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The U.S. imposed an oil embargo on Japan in July 1941, aimed at putting pressure on Japan to halt its expansionary policies.
The U.S. imposed an oil embargo on Japan in July 1941, aimed at putting pressure on Japan to halt its expansionary policies.
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Flashcards
Washington Conference
Washington Conference
Conference to reduce naval armaments among major powers in 1921.
Five Power Treaty
Five Power Treaty
Agreement to maintain naval ratios among the five largest navies.
Four Power Treaty
Four Power Treaty
US, France, GB, and Japan agreed to respect each other's Pacific territories.
Nine-Power Treaty
Nine-Power Treaty
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Kellogg-Briand Pact
Kellogg-Briand Pact
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Creditor Nation
Creditor Nation
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Dawes Plan
Dawes Plan
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Japanese Aggression
Japanese Aggression
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Stimson Doctrine
Stimson Doctrine
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Good Neighbor Policy
Good Neighbor Policy
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America First Committee
America First Committee
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Neutrality Acts of 1935
Neutrality Acts of 1935
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Cash and Carry
Cash and Carry
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Selective Service Act
Selective Service Act
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Destroyers for Bases
Destroyers for Bases
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Lend-Lease Act
Lend-Lease Act
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Atlantic Charter
Atlantic Charter
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Axis Powers
Axis Powers
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Oil Embargo
Oil Embargo
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Rise of Fascism
Rise of Fascism
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Fascist Italy
Fascist Italy
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Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany
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Spanish Civil War
Spanish Civil War
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Isolationism Ends
Isolationism Ends
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Herbert Hoover's Foreign Policy
Herbert Hoover's Foreign Policy
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Study Notes
Washington Conference (1921)
- Major powers (GB, Japan, France, Italy, US) met to reduce naval armaments.
Five Power Treaty
- Nations with largest navies agreed on battleship ratios.
- US and GB pledged not to fortify Pacific territories.
Four Power Treaty
- US, France, GB, and Japan agreed to respect each other's Pacific territories.
Nine Power Treaty
- All nations pledged to honor the Open Door Policy in China.
Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)
- Renounced war for national purposes.
- Allowed defensive wars.
- No enforcement for pact violations.
Latin America
- US investments doubled (1919-1929).
- US military influence decreased.
- Concerns over Mexican property confiscation eased through negotiation.
Middle East
- Oil discoveries spurred US and GB to secure drilling rights.
Tariffs
- 1922 tariff hurt European economies.
- Led to retaliatory tariffs.
- Prevented war debt repayment.
- Contributed to the Great Depression.
Creditor Nation
- WWI made the US a major creditor for the first time.
- US demanded full repayment of debts from GB and France.
- Germany and allied nations couldn't afford.
Dawes Plan
- Coolidge's VP proposed lending Germany money for reparation payments.
- Helped ease financial strain for both sides.
Hoover's Foreign Policy
- (no details provided in the source material) -
Hoover's Latin American Policy
- Promoted friendly relations with Latin America.
- Ended previous interventionalist policies.
- US troops withdrawn from Nicaragua and Haiti.
Japanese Aggression
- Early 1930s, Japan violated Open Door policy and League of Nations.
- Invaded Manchuria.
- League of Nations did nothing to stop Japan; Japan withdrew.
Stimson Doctrine
- Secretary Stimson opposed the Japanese-created Manchukuo government.
Roosevelt's Policies (general)
- (no details provided in the source material) -
Good Neighbor Policy
- FDR pledged non-intervention in Latin American affairs.
- Overturned the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.
Cuba
- FDR repealed the Platt Amendment.
- US maintained Guantanamo Bay naval base.
Mexico
- FDR urged negotiation over US-owned oil properties seized by Mexico.
Soviet Union
- FDR recognized the Soviet Union (1933).
- Increased American trade.
Philippines
- FDR pushed for Philippines independence by 1946.
- US military withdrew.
Reciprocal Trade
- FDR aimed for lower tariffs to increase trade.
- Congress gave the president tariff reduction authority.
Rise of Fascism and Militarism (general)
- (no specific details provided in the source material)
Fascist Italy
- Mussolini's Italy embraced fascism (nationalism, aggression).
Nazi Germany
- Hitler and the Nazi party gained control in 1933- expanded military, violating Versailles Treaty.
Japan (20s-30s)
- Japan promoted nationalism and militarism.
- Involved in invasions in China and the Pacific.
Spanish Civil War
- Franco's Fascists fought against those opposing fascism.
- US didn't directly intervene.
- Franco won.
America First Committee
- Founded by Charles Lindbergh to oppose American involvement in WWII.
American Isolationists
- Many Americans opposed WWI involvement, wanted to avoid repeating the mistakes.
- Evidence suggests a belief that greed of wealthy bankers/industrialists drove US participation in WWI.
Neutrality Acts (1935)
- Restricted arms shipments and US travel to belligerent nations.
Neutrality Acts (1936)
- Banned loans and credits to warring nations.
Neutrality Acts (1937)
- Prohibited arms shipments to sides in the Spanish Civil War.
Roosevelt Changes Policies (general)
- (no details provided in the source material) -
Isolationism Ends
- Roosevelt shifted from isolationism, aiding the Allies.
- US strengthened defenses but avoided direct aid initially.
Cash and Carry
- US allowed arms sales to belligerents with cash and using their own ships.
Selective Service Act (1940)
- US draft, training 1.2 million troops.
Destroyers for Bases
- US traded 50 older destroyers to GB for US military bases.
Arsenal of Democracy (no details provided)
Lend-Lease Act
- Allowed sales/loans for war materials to countries deemed vital to US defense.
Atlantic Charter (1941)
- US and GB agreed not to seek territorial gains during WWII, work towards post-war peace.
Shoot on Sight
- Roosevelt ordered US Navy to attack German ships.
Disputes with Japan (no details given)
Axis Powers
- Germany, Italy, and Japan formed an alliance in WWII.
Oil Embargo (July 1941)
- US embargoed vital materials like oil to Japan.
- Hurt the Japanese economy heavily, as they relied on imports.
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Description
Explore the outcomes of the Washington Conference of 1921 and its significant treaties including the Five Power Treaty, Four Power Treaty, and the Kellogg-Briand Pact. Understand the implications on international relations, military strategies, and economic factors in the early 20th century, particularly regarding the US and its influence abroad.
