International Treaties of the 1920s

A conference of major powers in 1921 to reduce naval armaments among Great Britain, Japan, France, Italy, and the United States.

Nations with the five largest navies agreed to maintain ratios with respect to largest battleships. The US and GB agreed not to fortify their Pacific territories.

The US, France, GB, and Japan agreed to respect one another's territory in the Pacific.

<p>All nations agreed to respect the Open Door policy in China.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It renounced wars for national purposes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Americans with Mexican property feared confiscation, but negotiated a way out of the problem. US investments in Latin America doubled from 1919-1929, while military influence declined.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oil discovered in the Middle East led to a dash to get drilling rights, primarily led by the US and GB.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It hurt European countries, led to tariffs on US goods, prevented European nations from paying war debts, and played a role in the Great Depression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>WWI made the US a creditor nation for the first time; the US demanded that GB and France pay their debts in full.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To lend Germany money to rebuild their economy, which led to repayment of reparations; this helped ease financial struggles on both sides of the Atlantic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hoover pushed friendly Latin American relationships. He ended the interventionalist policies of Taft and Wilson by arranging for US troops to leave Nicaragua and negotiated a treaty to remove US troops from Haiti.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the early 30s, Japan defied the Open Door Policy and the League of Nations and invaded Manchuria. The LoN did nothing but condemn Japan; Japan left.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secretary of State Henry Stimson came out against the government set up by the Japanese in Manchuria (now Manchukuo).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>FDR pledged not to intervene in Latin American internal affairs. In effect, this overturned the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>FDR convinced Congress to repeal the Platt Amendment, essentially ending US control over Cuba with the exception that the US could keep its naval base at Guantanamo Bay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In 1938- when Mexico seized control over American-owned oil properties in Mexico, FDR urged them to negotiate with the Mexican government rather than getting the government involved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reversing the policy of Republican Presidents, FDR recognized the newly-formed Soviet Union in 1933, leading to increased American trade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cost of upholding control of the Philippines was an issue during the Depression; FDR helped push for independence of the Philippines by 1946 and removal of US military from the islands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>FDR pushed for lower tariffs to increase trade; Congress passed a plan to give the president the power to lower tariffs up to 50% for nations that did the same for the US.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In 1822, Italy, under Benito Mussolini, formed a Fascist government which promoted glorifying the nation and race through aggression and domination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In 1933, Hitler and the Nazi party gained control of the German government and grew their military, in violation of the Treaty of Versailles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the 20s to 30s, Japan pushed for greater nationalism and militarism, leading to invasions in China as well as other areas of the Pacific.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A civil war in Spain in 1936 pitted the fascists of Francisco Franco against those who opposed fascism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A committee formed by Charles Lindburg to oppose American involvement in the growing War in Europe/Japan in the early 1940s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most Americans thought WWI involvement was a mistake and wanted to avoid making the same mistake again when considering the actions of Italy, Germany, and Japan. A congressional committee had found that the main reason for US participation was to serve the greed of wealthy bankers and industrialists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 were a series of laws prohibiting US involvement in foreign wars, particularly by restricting trade and loans to belligerent nations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Roosevelt slowly transitioned from isolationism to assisting the Allies. After the Germans took France, many Americans agreed that the US should strengthen their defenses, but not give direct aid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The US made a new policy that they could send arms to belligerents so long as they used their own ships to transport them and paid cash.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In 1940, the US enacted a draft and began training 1.2 million troops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The US made a trade with GB: 50 older destroyer ships for US military bases in the Caribbean.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The US made a new policy that they could send arms to belligerents so long as they used their own ships to transport them and paid cash.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In 1941-Pledge signed by US president FDR and British prime minister Winston Churchill not to acquire new territory as a result of WWII and to work for peace after the war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Roosevelt told the US navy to shoot on sight at German navy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>July 1941- US put an embargo on US vital materials including oil, rubber, etc. This greatly hurt the Japanese, who needed to import most of their raw materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

(1921) Conference to reduce naval armaments among major powers.

Agreement by five nations to maintain battleship ratios and not fortify Pacific territories.

Agreement to respect each other's territory in the Pacific by the US, France, GB, Japan.

All signatory nations agreed to uphold the Open Door policy in China.

1928 pact renouncing wars for national purposes, allowing defensive wars.

US investments in Latin America doubled from 1919-1929 despite declining military influence.

Discovery of oil led US and GB to seek drilling rights in the region.

1922 tariff on goods harmed Europe and contributed to economic downturn.

US became a creditor post-WWI, demanding debts from allies like GB and France.

Plan to lend money to Germany for economic recovery post-WWI reparations.

FDR's policy to avoid intervention in Latin America's affairs, overriding prior doctrines.

FDR repealed the Platt Amendment, ending most US control over Cuba.

In 1938, Mexico seized control of US oil properties; FDR urged negotiation.

FDR recognized the Soviet Union in 1933 to boost trade relations.

FDR pushed for Philippine independence by 1946, easing military control.

FDR advocated for lower tariffs to enhance trade with other nations.

Italy under Mussolini promoted nationalism through aggressive policies.

Hitler's rise in 1933 led to military growth, defying the Treaty of Versailles.

Japan's nationalism and militarism led to invasions in the 1920s-30s.

Group opposing US involvement in WWII, emphasizing isolationism.

Laws to prevent arms shipments and restrict US travel to belligerents.

US could supply arms to belligerents if they paid cash and transported themselves.

Draft law enacted to train 1.2 million US troops for service.

Trade of 50 US destroyer ships for military bases in the Caribbean with GB.

Allowed sales or loans of military materials to countries deemed vital for US defense.

FDR and Churchill's pledge to avoid territorial acquisition post-WWII and promote peace.

In July 1941, US imposed an embargo on vital materials to Japan, affecting their war efforts.

Alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during WWII.