WADA Prohibited List: Growth Factors and Modulators
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Questions and Answers

Which growth factor is a family of 22 proteins with 17-28 kDa and 12-14 beta-strands?

  • Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGFs) (correct)
  • Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1)
  • Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF)
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)
  • Which growth factor has 4-5 N-linked glycosylation sites?

  • Thymosin-84 (TB-500) and its Derivatives
  • Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) (correct)
  • Mechano Growth Factors (MGFS)
  • Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1)
  • Which growth factor does not have any glycosylation sites nor pegylation sites?

  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)
  • Thymosin-84 (TB-500) and its Derivatives (correct)
  • Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)
  • Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1)
  • What is the approximate time for the onset of action of the growth factors?

    <p>~1-2 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which growth factor family consists of 4 proteins with 24-35 kDa?

    <p>Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which growth factor has a protein structure with 1 alpha-helix and 1 beta-sheet?

    <p>Thymosin-84 (TB-500) and its Derivatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular weight of IGF-1?

    <p>7.5 kDa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    None of the growth factors and growth factor modulators are:

    <p>Pegylated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Growth Factors and Growth Factor Modulators

    • Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGFs) are a family of 22 proteins, with a molecular weight of 17-28 kDa, and a structure consisting of 12-14 beta-strands and 3-4 alpha-helices.
    • Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) is a 697-amino acid protein, with a molecular weight of 80-90 kDa, and a structure consisting of 4 kringle domains and 1 serine protease domain.
    • Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) is a 70-amino acid protein, with a molecular weight of 7.5 kDa, and a structure consisting of 3 alpha-helices and 1 beta-sheet.
    • Mechano Growth Factors (MGFS) are 110-amino acid proteins, with a molecular weight of 12-15 kDa, and a structure consisting of 2-3 alpha-helices and 1 beta-sheet.
    • Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) is a family of 4 proteins, with a molecular weight of 24-35 kDa, and a structure consisting of 2-3 alpha-helices and 1 beta-sheet.
    • Thymosin-84 (TB-500) and its derivatives are 43-amino acid peptides, with a molecular weight of 5 kDa, and a structure consisting of 1 alpha-helix and 1 beta-sheet.
    • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is a family of 5 proteins, with a molecular weight of 20-45 kDa, and a structure consisting of 2-3 alpha-helices and 1 beta-sheet.

    Key Differences

    • Growth factors and growth factor modulators have distinct chemical structures, sizes, and glycosylation sites.
    • IGF-1 and MGFs are smaller peptides, while FGFs, HGF, PDGF, and VEGF are larger proteins.
    • FGFs, HGF, PDGF, and VEGF have 1-5 N-linked glycosylation sites, while IGF-1, MGFs, and Thymosin-84 do not have any glycosylation sites.
    • None of the growth factors and growth factor modulators are pegylated.

    Pharmacokinetics

    • The onset of action is approximately 1-2 hours.
    • The peak effect is approximately 4-6 hours.
    • The duration of action is approximately 24 hours.
    • The protein's half-life is influenced by its degradation and receptor binding.

    WADA Listing

    • Growth factors and growth factor modulators are prohibited due to their potential to increase athletic performance by stimulating muscle growth and regeneration.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the characteristics of growth factors and modulators, including their chemical structure, glycosylation sites, and pegylation sites. It focuses on Fibroblast Growth Factor and Hepatocyte Growth Factor.

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