Resistance Exercise for impaired muscle performance
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Questions and Answers

What is a significant benefit of incorporating a 48-hour rest interval between strength training sessions?

  • It increases workout intensity.
  • It reduces the need for proper hydration.
  • It enhances weight gain.
  • It allows adequate time for recovery. (correct)

Which of the following best describes the term 'mode of exercise'?

  • It encompasses the form of exercise and manner of execution. (correct)
  • It only involves dynamic exercise without any static component.
  • It indicates the level of intensity used in exercises.
  • It refers to the frequency of training sessions.

Which type of muscle contraction involves the muscle shortening?

  • Static
  • Eccentric
  • Isometric
  • Concentric (correct)

What is the definition of open-chain exercises?

<p>Exercises where the distal segment moves freely in a nonweight-bearing position. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does isokinetic contraction imply?

<p>The contraction occurs under controlled movement conditions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT typically considered when selecting modes of exercise for a resistance training program?

<p>Time of day when training occurs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dynamic resistance exercises may involve which types of muscle contractions?

<p>Both concentric and eccentric contractions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a rehabilitation program, which strategy is NOT recommended for initiating strength training?

<p>Starting with high intensity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym FITT stand for in relation to resistance training?

<p>Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of maintaining appropriate alignment during resistance exercises?

<p>To strengthen a specific muscle effectively (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is NOT considered a part of the dosage in resistance training?

<p>Flexibility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes substitute motions during resistance exercise?

<p>Muscle action of a stronger adjacent agonist (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT considered when designing a resistance exercise program?

<p>Patient's shoe size (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is effective stabilization important in resistance exercise?

<p>To avoid substitute motions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of resistance training must be specific to a patient's functional goals according to the SAID principle?

<p>Both A and B (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of using proper alignment and stabilization during manual muscle testing?

<p>To effectively measure muscle strength (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration when applying overload in a rehabilitation program?

<p>The underlying pathology and goals of the patient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle suggests that exercise programs should be specific to the adaptation desired?

<p>SAID Principle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of exercise specificity in training programs?

<p>Mimicking the anticipated function required (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which exercise factor should be adjusted to improve muscular endurance?

<p>Extend the duration of the exercise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when designing exercises for joint rehabilitation?

<p>Patient or limb position and movement pattern (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should exercises be progressed to meet functional activity demands?

<p>Include eccentric and concentric movements in a weight-bearing manner (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term 'substitute motions' in exercise design?

<p>Using alternate joint movements when necessary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To create specific training effects in rehabilitation, what is essential?

<p>Careful selection of exercise parameters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

SAID Principle

Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands; exercise programs should be built with specificity in mind, as body systems adapt over time to the stresses placed on them.

Specificity of Training

Adaptive training effects (strength, power, endurance) depend heavily on the training methods used. Exercises should mimic the desired function.

Overload

Increasing the intensity or repetitions of exercise, but always considering patient factors (pathology, age, healing) and goals, as well as body system adaptation.

Patient Factors

Factors such as the patient's underlying health condition, age, and the stage of tissue healing influence exercise prescription and adaptation.

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Exercise Prescription

Planning and deciding the parameters of exercise (type, intensity, duration) based on patient assessment, needed adaptations, and goals.

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Wolff's Law

Body systems adapt to stresses placed on them. This is a foundation for the SAID principle.

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Mimic Desired Function

Exercises should closely match the intended real world activity, ensuring that training translates into real world improvement.

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Task-Specific Practice

Practicing the specific motor task (like climbing stairs) is crucial, regardless of its complexity.

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Resistance Training Purpose

Used to improve muscle performance in rehabilitation programs (for impairments) or general fitness in healthy individuals.

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Alignment and Stabilization

Essential for effective muscle strengthening to avoid substitute motions, important in exercise, and manual muscle testing.

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Substitute Motions

Compensatory movements caused by stronger muscles taking over, preventing proper muscle strengthening.

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Resistance Training Dosage

Includes intensity, volume, frequency, duration of exercise, and rest intervals needed to progressively overload muscles.

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FITT Principle

Frequency, Intensity, Time (duration), and Type of exercise. A guideline for structuring resistance training.

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Resistance Training Velocity

Speed of exercise; important for tailoring the program.

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Resistance Training Mode

The type or method of exercise being used.

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SAID Principle

Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands; exercise programs need to be tailored to specific patient goals.

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48-hour rest interval

A rest period of 48 hours between exercise sessions allows for adequate recovery following a moderate-intensity strength training session.

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Mode of Exercise

Describes the form of exercise, muscle contraction type, and how the exercise is performed; this includes weight application (manual or mechanical techniques).

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Dynamic Exercise

Exercises involving muscle shortening (concentric) or lengthening (eccentric) contractions, or both.

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Isometric Exercise

Exercises involving static muscle contractions without visible limb movement; muscle tension without change in length.

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Isotonic Exercise

Exercises involving muscle contractions with constant tension.

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Open-Chain Exercise

Exercises where the distal segment (limb) moves freely in a non-weight-bearing position.

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Weight-Bearing Exercise

Exercises performed while supporting the body's weight; usually involves the whole body.

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Exercise Intensity

The level of effort during an exercise session, measured as a percentage of maximum effort.

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Study Notes

Muscle Performance

  • Refers to a muscle's capacity to do work (force x distance)
  • Influenced by various body systems (morphological, neurological, biochemical, biomechanical, metabolic, cardiovascular, respiratory, cognitive, and emotional)
  • Key elements are strength, power, and endurance
  • Limitations in muscle performance can lead to activity limitations and disability.

Resistance Exercise

  • Any active exercise resisted by an outside force (manual or mechanical)
  • Essential for rehabilitation and conditioning programs
  • Aims to improve function, prevent future injury, and enhance physical performance.
  • A comprehensive examination is crucial before prescribing a resistance exercise program.

Strength, Power, and Endurance

  • Strength: Ability of contractile tissue to exert force during a maximal effort
  • Power: Rate at which work is done (force x distance/time)
  • Endurance: Ability to sustain muscular contraction over an extended period.

Principles of Resistance Exercise

  • Overload Principle: The load must exceed the muscle's current capacity to improve performance.
  • SAID Principle (Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands): Training adaptations are specific to the type of exercise performed.
  • Reversibility Principle: Gains in muscle performance will be lost if training is stopped.

Muscle Fatigue

  • Muscle (local) fatigue: Progressive decline in muscle response to repeated stimuli.
  • Cardiopulmonary fatigue: Decline in the body's overall response to prolonged physical activity, linked to decreased blood sugar, glycogen, or potassium levels.
  • Factors affecting fatigue include intensity, frequency, and duration of exercise, as well as the person's age, condition, and more.

Factors Affecting Tension in Muscle

  • Morphological factors (fiber type, size and arrangement)
  • Biomechanical factors (muscle length-tension relationship)
  • Neurological factors (neural recruitment)
  • Metabolic factors (energy reserves & availability)

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