Untitled Quiz

Study Notes

CPU Details:
- Registers: Small storage areas within the CPU, with word sizes like 32-bit or 64-bit.
- Buses:
  - Data Bus: Transfers data between the CPU and memory.
  - Address Bus: Specifies memory locations.
  - Control Bus: Sends control signals for operations.

Primary Memory:
- RAM (Random Access Memory):
  - DRAM (Dynamic RAM): Used for main memory, slower than SRAM.
  - SRAM (Static RAM): Used for cache memory, faster than DRAM.
- ROM (Read-Only Memory): Includes types like PROM, EPROM, EEPROM for specific applications.
- Virtual Memory: Employs secondary storage to extend RAM, enabling larger or multiple programs.

Storage Devices:
- Hard Disk Drives (HDD): Mechanical, slow but high capacity.
- Solid-State Drives (SSD): Faster, no moving parts, lower capacity than HDDs.
- Flash Memory: Used in USB drives, memory cards.
- Optical Discs: (CDs, DVDs, Blu-rays).
- Magnetic Tapes: Used for backups, high capacity and durability.
Primary vs. Secondary Memory Differences: Factors like speed, volatility, cost, and accessibility distinguish these storage types.

Fetch-Decode-Execute: A detailed description of how data moves between CPU components during program execution.

Levels: L1 (closest to CPU, fastest), L2, and sometimes L3 cache levels exist.
Replacement Policies: Mechanisms like LRU (Least Recently Used) and FIFO (First-In, First-Out) govern how data is replaced from the cache when it's full.

File Systems: Structures for storing and organizing files, like FAT32, NTFS, ext4 systems.
Multitasking: Cooperative and Preemptive multitasking types.
Security Mechanisms: Authentication methods such as biometrics, two-factor authentication.

Bit Manipulation: Logical operations (e.g., AND, OR, NOT, XOR) on binary data.
Floating-Point Representation: Used to represent real numbers, often based on the IEEE 754 standard.
Two's Complement: How to add and subtract using binary representation of signed numbers.