Volcano and Earthquake Hazards

Which volcanic hazard involves hot avalanches of rock, ash, and gas traveling at high speeds?

What is defined as the degree of likelihood that harm will be caused?

In which scenario can lahars pose a significant threat?

What is the primary hazard posed by earthquakes according to their impact on buildings?

What can cause soil liquefaction during an earthquake?

Which of the following is NOT a primary earthquake hazard?

Which type of volcanic material is specifically smaller than 2 mm?

What is a common misconception about earthquakes?

What is the term for the interaction of water with hot rock or magma that results in explosions?

Which of the following hazards is mainly caused by the breaking of gas lines during an earthquake?

Lava can flow as runny lava flows or as viscous lava domes.
Lava flows pose a threat to infrastructure but are relatively slow-moving, making them less of a direct risk to people.
Pyroclastic flows are hot avalanches of rock, ash, and gas that travel quickly down volcano slopes and can cause significant damage.
Phreatic explosions occur when water interacts with hot rock or magma, causing an explosion.
Lahars are mixtures of water and volcanic debris that can travel far from the volcano, posing a threat to people and infrastructure.
Tephra is the term for rock fragments ejected from a volcano.
Volcanic ash is small tephra, while larger fragments are called lapilli, bombs, and blocks.

Ground shaking caused by earthquakes can damage buildings and infrastructure.
Soil liquefaction can destabilize soil during a strong earthquake, leading to building subsidence.
Ground displacement along a fault can occur during earthquakes,causing significant ground movement.
Flooding can be triggered by earthquakes rupturing dams or levees.
Fires are a hazard due to broken gas and power lines, as well as tipped-over stoves.