Questions and Answers
What is the location of Taal volcano?
Southern Luzon
How many eruptions have been recorded at Taal volcano since 3,580 BC?
Around 35
What is unique about the lake within the Main Crater of Taal volcano?
It has a lake within it
What was the most recent eruption of Taal volcano before 2020?
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How many people live within 40 km of the Taal volcano caldera?
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What was the hazard status of Taal volcano on 28 March 2019?
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What occurred at 11:00 on 12 January 2020 at Taal volcano?
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What was the height of the eruption plume above the crater at 14:04 on 12 January 2020?
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Study Notes
Taal Volcano
- Located in southern Luzon, Philippines, and is one of the most active volcanoes in the country.
- Has recorded around 35 eruptions since 3,580 BC.
Caldera System
- Contains a lake with an island that has a lake within the Main Crater.
Population and Hazard
- Over 450,000 people live within 40 km of the caldera.
- As of 28 March 2019, the hazard status was raised to Alert Level 1.
- From 28 March 2019 to 1 December, 4,857 earthquakes were registered, with some felt nearby.
Increased Activity (November-December 2019)
- Inflation was detected during 21-29 November.
- Increase in CO2 emission within the Main Crater was observed during this period.
- Seismicity increased beginning at 11:00 on 12 January.
Eruption (12-22 January 2020)
- Phreatic (steam) explosions occurred from several points inside the Main Crater at 13:00 on 12 January.
- Booming sounds were heard in Talisay, Batangas, at 14:00, and the plume reached 1 km above the crater by 14:02.
- Alert Level was raised to 3 (magmatic unrest) at 14:02.
- Seismic swarm began at 11:00 on 12 January, followed by a phreatic eruption at 13:00.
- The initial activity consisted of steaming from at least five vents in the Main Crater and phreatic explosions that generated 100-m-high plumes.
Intensification of Activity
- Booming sounds were heard in Talisay, Batangas, at 14:00.
- Volcanic tremor and earthquakes felt locally were accompanied by an eruption plume that rose 1 km at 14:04.
- Ash fell to the SSW.
- Alert Level was raised to 4, and a total evacuation of the island and high-risk areas within a 14-km radius was recommended at 17:30.
- Eruption plume of steam, gas, and tephra significantly intensified, rising to 10-15 km altitude and producing frequent lightning.
- Wet ash fell as far away as Quezon City (75 km N).
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Description
Learn about Taal Volcano, its caldera system, and the risks it poses to nearby communities.