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Questions and Answers
What is the term for the material that is ejected into the atmosphere during a volcanic eruption?
What is the term for the material that is ejected into the atmosphere during a volcanic eruption?
What type of magma is most abundant at oceanic spreading centers?
What type of magma is most abundant at oceanic spreading centers?
What is the term for the destructive volcanic mudflow?
What is the term for the destructive volcanic mudflow?
What is the term for basaltic lava flows that resemble twisted braids of rope?
What is the term for basaltic lava flows that resemble twisted braids of rope?
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Igneous plutons that cut across existing rock units or structures are termed?
Igneous plutons that cut across existing rock units or structures are termed?
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A magma's viscosity is directly related to its __________ content.
A magma's viscosity is directly related to its __________ content.
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Crater Lake was produced when _______.
Crater Lake was produced when _______.
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What is the term for a type of volcanic eruption that produces a large amount of lava that can flow a great distance from the source?
What is the term for a type of volcanic eruption that produces a large amount of lava that can flow a great distance from the source?
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What is the term for a type of pyroclastic material that is larger than 64 mm and consists of partially molten material?
What is the term for a type of pyroclastic material that is larger than 64 mm and consists of partially molten material?
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What type of volcano is characterized by a gently sloping shape and is typically formed by the eruption of fluid lava flows?
What type of volcano is characterized by a gently sloping shape and is typically formed by the eruption of fluid lava flows?
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What is the term for a type of volcanic hazard that involves a fast-moving, hot, turbulent cloud of gases and pyroclastic particles?
What is the term for a type of volcanic hazard that involves a fast-moving, hot, turbulent cloud of gases and pyroclastic particles?
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What is the term for a type of igneous rock that is formed when magma cools and solidifies beneath the Earth's surface?
What is the term for a type of igneous rock that is formed when magma cools and solidifies beneath the Earth's surface?
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What is the term for a type of volcanic eruption that produces a large amount of lava that flows at a high speed?
What is the term for a type of volcanic eruption that produces a large amount of lava that flows at a high speed?
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What type of volcano is characterized by a conical shape and is typically formed by the eruption of a mixture of lava flows and pyroclastic material?
What type of volcano is characterized by a conical shape and is typically formed by the eruption of a mixture of lava flows and pyroclastic material?
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What is the term for a type of volcanic hazard that involves a large amount of volcanic material flowing down a slope?
What is the term for a type of volcanic hazard that involves a large amount of volcanic material flowing down a slope?
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What is the term for a type of volcanic eruption that produces a large amount of pyroclastic material?
What is the term for a type of volcanic eruption that produces a large amount of pyroclastic material?
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What is the term for a type of volcanic landform that is formed by the accumulation of lava flows?
What is the term for a type of volcanic landform that is formed by the accumulation of lava flows?
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What is the term for openings under the Earth's surface that are formed by molten material that has flowed?
What is the term for openings under the Earth's surface that are formed by molten material that has flowed?
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Which of the following is true about volcanic blocks and bombs?
Which of the following is true about volcanic blocks and bombs?
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What is the term for the dangerous, fast-moving, hot, turbulent cloud of volcanic gases and fine-sized pyroclastic particles?
What is the term for the dangerous, fast-moving, hot, turbulent cloud of volcanic gases and fine-sized pyroclastic particles?
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Which of the following volcanoes are classified as shield volcanoes?
Which of the following volcanoes are classified as shield volcanoes?
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What is the term for the type of volcanic eruption that produces a large amount of lava that can flow a great distance from the source?
What is the term for the type of volcanic eruption that produces a large amount of lava that can flow a great distance from the source?
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Which of the following volcanic hazards would be expected associated with Kilauea?
Which of the following volcanic hazards would be expected associated with Kilauea?
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What is the term for a massive and discordant body of intrusive, igneous rock?
What is the term for a massive and discordant body of intrusive, igneous rock?
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Which of the following pyroclastic materials is larger than 64 mm and consists of partially molten material?
Which of the following pyroclastic materials is larger than 64 mm and consists of partially molten material?
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What is the eruption style of stratavolcanoes?
What is the eruption style of stratavolcanoes?
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Which of the following volcano types is the smallest and is built from ejected lava fragments that form a relatively steep slope?
Which of the following volcano types is the smallest and is built from ejected lava fragments that form a relatively steep slope?
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What is the primary factor that affects the viscosity of a magma?
What is the primary factor that affects the viscosity of a magma?
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What is the term for the mixture of gases and rock that is ejected into the atmosphere during a volcanic eruption?
What is the term for the mixture of gases and rock that is ejected into the atmosphere during a volcanic eruption?
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What is the term for an igneous pluton that is parallel to the surrounding rock structures?
What is the term for an igneous pluton that is parallel to the surrounding rock structures?
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What type of volcanic eruption is characterized by a large amount of lava that flows at a high speed?
What type of volcanic eruption is characterized by a large amount of lava that flows at a high speed?
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What is the term for a type of igneous rock that is formed when magma cools and solidifies beneath the Earth's surface?
What is the term for a type of igneous rock that is formed when magma cools and solidifies beneath the Earth's surface?
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What type of volcano is characterized by a gently sloping shape and is typically formed by the eruption of fluid lava flows?
What type of volcano is characterized by a gently sloping shape and is typically formed by the eruption of fluid lava flows?
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What is the term for a type of volcanic hazard that involves a fast-moving, hot, turbulent cloud of gases and pyroclastic particles?
What is the term for a type of volcanic hazard that involves a fast-moving, hot, turbulent cloud of gases and pyroclastic particles?
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What is the term for a type of volcanic landform that is formed by the accumulation of lava flows?
What is the term for a type of volcanic landform that is formed by the accumulation of lava flows?
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What is the most abundant gas associated with volcanic activity?
What is the most abundant gas associated with volcanic activity?
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What type of magma is most abundant at oceanic spreading centers?
What type of magma is most abundant at oceanic spreading centers?
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What is the term for a volcano that is a very large, gently sloping mound composed mainly of basaltic lava flows?
What is the term for a volcano that is a very large, gently sloping mound composed mainly of basaltic lava flows?
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What type of eruptive activity is most likely to be highly explosive?
What type of eruptive activity is most likely to be highly explosive?
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What tends to increase the explosive potential of a magma body beneath a volcano?
What tends to increase the explosive potential of a magma body beneath a volcano?
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What is the region known as the 'Ring of Fire'?
What is the region known as the 'Ring of Fire'?
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What gases are usually the most abundant emitted during basaltic volcanism?
What gases are usually the most abundant emitted during basaltic volcanism?
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What is the term for a type of volcano that is a parasitic cone?
What is the term for a type of volcano that is a parasitic cone?
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What is the main characteristic of hot spot volcanoes?
What is the main characteristic of hot spot volcanoes?
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Which type of volcano is the result of the accumulation of pyroclastic material violently erupted over a relatively short period of time?
Which type of volcano is the result of the accumulation of pyroclastic material violently erupted over a relatively short period of time?
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What is the term for the steep-walled, funnel-shaped depression at the summit of a volcanic structure?
What is the term for the steep-walled, funnel-shaped depression at the summit of a volcanic structure?
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Why do magmas rise towards Earth's surface?
Why do magmas rise towards Earth's surface?
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What is the term for the most destructive pyroclastic flow, which is composed of hot gases infused with incandescent ash and larger rock fragments?
What is the term for the most destructive pyroclastic flow, which is composed of hot gases infused with incandescent ash and larger rock fragments?
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Which type of volcano is characterized by a gently sloping shape and is typically formed by the eruption of fluid lava flows?
Which type of volcano is characterized by a gently sloping shape and is typically formed by the eruption of fluid lava flows?
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What is the term for the destructive volcanic mudflow that develops when volcanic debris becomes saturated with water?
What is the term for the destructive volcanic mudflow that develops when volcanic debris becomes saturated with water?
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Which of the following factors affects the viscosity of magma?
Which of the following factors affects the viscosity of magma?
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What is the term for the large depression at the summit of a volcano that is greater than 1 km in diameter?
What is the term for the large depression at the summit of a volcano that is greater than 1 km in diameter?
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Which of the following volcanoes are classified as cinder cones?
Which of the following volcanoes are classified as cinder cones?
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Which volcano is known for its eruption in 79 A.D. that covered the town of Pompeii?
Which volcano is known for its eruption in 79 A.D. that covered the town of Pompeii?
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What is the term for tabular discordant bodies produced when magma is injected into fractures?
What is the term for tabular discordant bodies produced when magma is injected into fractures?
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Which of the following volcanoes are classified as shield volcanoes?
Which of the following volcanoes are classified as shield volcanoes?
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What is the most abundant gas associated with volcanic activity?
What is the most abundant gas associated with volcanic activity?
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Which gases are usually the most abundant emitted during basaltic volcanism?
Which gases are usually the most abundant emitted during basaltic volcanism?
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Which statement is true about magma and volcanoes?
Which statement is true about magma and volcanoes?
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What is the term for the steep-walled depression located at the summit of a volcano?
What is the term for the steep-walled depression located at the summit of a volcano?
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What type of rocks are produced by spreading center volcanism?
What type of rocks are produced by spreading center volcanism?
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Which type of volcanic landform is characterized by a very steep-sided, very tall mountainous accumulation?
Which type of volcanic landform is characterized by a very steep-sided, very tall mountainous accumulation?
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What is the term for the relative 'thickness' of magma?
What is the term for the relative 'thickness' of magma?
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Which type of volcanic feature is a massive and discordant body of intrusive, igneous rock?
Which type of volcanic feature is a massive and discordant body of intrusive, igneous rock?
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What is the term for the dangerous, fast-moving, hot, turbulent cloud of volcanic gases and fine-sized pyroclastic particles?
What is the term for the dangerous, fast-moving, hot, turbulent cloud of volcanic gases and fine-sized pyroclastic particles?
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Which type of volcano is characterized by a gently sloping shape and is typically formed by the eruption of fluid lava flows?
Which type of volcano is characterized by a gently sloping shape and is typically formed by the eruption of fluid lava flows?
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What is the term for the steep-walled, funnel-shaped depression at the summit of a volcanic structure?
What is the term for the steep-walled, funnel-shaped depression at the summit of a volcanic structure?
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Which type of volcanic eruption is characterized by a large amount of lava that flows at a high speed?
Which type of volcanic eruption is characterized by a large amount of lava that flows at a high speed?
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What is the term for the igneous activity that occurs as a result of a mantle plume rising from below?
What is the term for the igneous activity that occurs as a result of a mantle plume rising from below?
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Which type of intrusive structure is tabular and concordant?
Which type of intrusive structure is tabular and concordant?
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Which ocean basin is rimmed by the most subduction zones?
Which ocean basin is rimmed by the most subduction zones?
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Which of the following is NOT associated with diverging plate boundaries?
Which of the following is NOT associated with diverging plate boundaries?
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What drives the lateral motions of Earth's lithospheric plates?
What drives the lateral motions of Earth's lithospheric plates?
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Where does new oceanic crust form?
Where does new oceanic crust form?
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What type of plate boundary produces the most and greatest magnitude earthquakes?
What type of plate boundary produces the most and greatest magnitude earthquakes?
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What feature develops as oceanic crust is subducted beneath the overriding plate?
What feature develops as oceanic crust is subducted beneath the overriding plate?
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Along what type of boundary is oceanic crust neither created nor destroyed?
Along what type of boundary is oceanic crust neither created nor destroyed?
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What is surficial evidence for?
What is surficial evidence for?
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Along what type of boundary is new seafloor generated?
Along what type of boundary is new seafloor generated?
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Which of the following is associated with convergent plate boundaries?
Which of the following is associated with convergent plate boundaries?
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What is the term for the study of earthquakes?
What is the term for the study of earthquakes?
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What is the term for the record of an earthquake obtained from a seismic instrument?
What is the term for the record of an earthquake obtained from a seismic instrument?
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What is the term for the instrument that records earthquake events?
What is the term for the instrument that records earthquake events?
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Which of the following is NOT a layer of the Earth as defined by the composition of the material?
Which of the following is NOT a layer of the Earth as defined by the composition of the material?
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What is the term for ocean waves generated by earthquakes?
What is the term for ocean waves generated by earthquakes?
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What is the term for the mechanism by which rocks store and eventually release energy in the form of an earthquake?
What is the term for the mechanism by which rocks store and eventually release energy in the form of an earthquake?
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What is the term for faults having primarily horizontal movement?
What is the term for faults having primarily horizontal movement?
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What material predominantly make up the dense core of the Earth?
What material predominantly make up the dense core of the Earth?
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What is the term for the process by which rocks are bent into a series of wavelike undulations during mountain building?
What is the term for the process by which rocks are bent into a series of wavelike undulations during mountain building?
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What type of mountain building system occurs when two continental plates converge and one is pushed beneath the other?
What type of mountain building system occurs when two continental plates converge and one is pushed beneath the other?
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Where do most earthquakes occur?
Where do most earthquakes occur?
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Which type of seismic wave is the most destructive?
Which type of seismic wave is the most destructive?
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What happens when erosion strips the top off a dome?
What happens when erosion strips the top off a dome?
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What is the average composition of the upper mantle thought to be?
What is the average composition of the upper mantle thought to be?
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What is liquefaction?
What is liquefaction?
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An increase of one unit of magnitude on the Richter scale equates to about a?
An increase of one unit of magnitude on the Richter scale equates to about a?
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Which type of seismic wave travels most rapidly?
Which type of seismic wave travels most rapidly?
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What type of plate boundary is characterized by the grinding of two plates past each other without the production or destruction of lithosphere material?
What type of plate boundary is characterized by the grinding of two plates past each other without the production or destruction of lithosphere material?
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Which of the following was evidence used by early supporters of the continental drift hypothesis?
Which of the following was evidence used by early supporters of the continental drift hypothesis?
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What is the process by which the oceanic crust is created at mid-ocean ridges?
What is the process by which the oceanic crust is created at mid-ocean ridges?
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What is the term for the apparent movement of the Earth's magnetic poles over time?
What is the term for the apparent movement of the Earth's magnetic poles over time?
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What is the type of volcanic arc that forms when an oceanic plate is being subducted beneath a continental plate?
What is the type of volcanic arc that forms when an oceanic plate is being subducted beneath a continental plate?
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What is the term for the process by which the breakup of a supercontinent occurs?
What is the term for the process by which the breakup of a supercontinent occurs?
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What is the type of plate convergence that results in neither plate being subducted due to the buoyancy of both plates?
What is the type of plate convergence that results in neither plate being subducted due to the buoyancy of both plates?
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What is the term for the outer boundary of the continents?
What is the term for the outer boundary of the continents?
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What is the term for the naturally occurring magnetic iron mineral present in most igneous rocks?
What is the term for the naturally occurring magnetic iron mineral present in most igneous rocks?
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What is the term for the type of plate boundary that forms a rift valley?
What is the term for the type of plate boundary that forms a rift valley?
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Study Notes
Magma Characteristics
- A magma's viscosity is directly related to its silica content.
- Magma with higher silica content has a higher viscosity.
Volcanic Eruptions
- The term "pyroclastic material" is given to any material that is ejected into the atmosphere during a volcanic eruption.
- Nuee ardente is a dangerous, fast-moving, hot, turbulent cloud of volcanic gases and fine-sized pyroclastic particles that precedes an explosive eruption.
- Lahar is a destructive volcanic mudflow.
Igneous Plutons
- Igneous plutons are classified based on their shape and relation to the host rock.
- If an igneous pluton cuts across existing rock units or structures, it is termed discordant.
Volcanic Rocks and Landforms
- Basaltic magma is the most abundant type of magma erupted at oceanic spreading centers.
- Basaltic lava flows that resemble twisted braids of rope are termed pahoehoe flows.
- These lava flows develop due to their high temperatures or as cooler lava flows begin to move over steeply sloped terrain.
- A lava tube is an opening under the Earth's surface that is formed by molten material that has flowed, in some cases a great distance from the source.
- Flood basalt refers to the production of a low-viscosity lava that can flow up to 90 miles from the eruption.
Volcanic Hazards
- Blocks are broken fragments of solid rocks; bombs are ejected as magma lumps.
- Lahars are a volcanic hazard associated with Kilauea.
- Extensive lava flows are a volcanic hazard associated with Kilauea.
Volcano Types
- Shield volcanoes are characterized by gentle slopes and are built from effusive eruptions of fluid lava flows.
- Mauna Loa and Kilauea are classified as shield volcanoes.
- Cinder cones are the smallest and are built from ejected lava fragments which form a relatively steep slope.
- Stratavolcanoes are characterized by violent/explosive eruption styles.
Volcanic Examples
- Crater Lake was produced when the summit of a volcano collapsed.
- Mount St. Helens and Mount Rainier are examples of stratavolcanoes.
- Vesuvius is an example of a stratavolcano that erupted in 79 A.D., resulting in ash and pumice completely covering the town of Pompeii.
Volcanic Features
- A crater is a steep-walled depression located at the summit of a volcano.
- A batholith is a massive and discordant body of intrusive, igneous rock.
Magma Characteristics
- A magma's viscosity is directly related to its silica content.
- Magma with higher silica content has a higher viscosity.
Volcanic Eruptions
- The term "pyroclastic material" is given to any material that is ejected into the atmosphere during a volcanic eruption.
- Nuee ardente is a dangerous, fast-moving, hot, turbulent cloud of volcanic gases and fine-sized pyroclastic particles that precedes an explosive eruption.
- Lahar is a destructive volcanic mudflow.
Igneous Plutons
- Igneous plutons are classified based on their shape and relation to the host rock.
- If an igneous pluton cuts across existing rock units or structures, it is termed discordant.
Volcanic Rocks and Landforms
- Basaltic magma is the most abundant type of magma erupted at oceanic spreading centers.
- Basaltic lava flows that resemble twisted braids of rope are termed pahoehoe flows.
- These lava flows develop due to their high temperatures or as cooler lava flows begin to move over steeply sloped terrain.
- A lava tube is an opening under the Earth's surface that is formed by molten material that has flowed, in some cases a great distance from the source.
- Flood basalt refers to the production of a low-viscosity lava that can flow up to 90 miles from the eruption.
Volcanic Hazards
- Blocks are broken fragments of solid rocks; bombs are ejected as magma lumps.
- Lahars are a volcanic hazard associated with Kilauea.
- Extensive lava flows are a volcanic hazard associated with Kilauea.
Volcano Types
- Shield volcanoes are characterized by gentle slopes and are built from effusive eruptions of fluid lava flows.
- Mauna Loa and Kilauea are classified as shield volcanoes.
- Cinder cones are the smallest and are built from ejected lava fragments which form a relatively steep slope.
- Stratavolcanoes are characterized by violent/explosive eruption styles.
Volcanic Examples
- Crater Lake was produced when the summit of a volcano collapsed.
- Mount St. Helens and Mount Rainier are examples of stratavolcanoes.
- Vesuvius is an example of a stratavolcano that erupted in 79 A.D., resulting in ash and pumice completely covering the town of Pompeii.
Volcanic Features
- A crater is a steep-walled depression located at the summit of a volcano.
- A batholith is a massive and discordant body of intrusive, igneous rock.
Volcanic Gases
- Water vapor and carbon dioxide are the most abundant gases emitted during basaltic volcanism.
- Water vapor is the most abundant gas associated with volcanic activity.
Magma Types
- Basaltic magma is the most abundant type erupted at oceanic spreading centers.
- High viscosity and dissolved gas content increase the explosive potential of a magma body beneath a volcano.
Volcano Types
- Shield volcanoes are large, gently sloping mounds composed mainly of basaltic lava flows.
- Composite cones are known for their violent eruptions of gaseous-rich, intermediate magma.
- Cinder cones are small, steep-sided volcanoes built from ejected lava fragments.
- Stratavolcanoes are characterized by both explosive and quiet eruption styles.
Eruptive Activity
- Fissure eruptions feeding lava to flood basalt accumulations are not highly explosive.
- Eruptions of big, continental margin, composite cones or stratovolcanoes are highly explosive.
- Lahars are volcanic mudflows that develop when volcanic debris becomes saturated with water and move rapidly downslope.
Volcanic Landforms
- A caldera is a large depression (> 1 km in diameter) at the summit of a volcano, formed by collapse following a large eruption.
- A crater is a smaller depression (< 1 km in diameter) at the summit of a volcano.
- A dike is a tabular, discordant intrusive structure.
Volcanic Hazards
- Pyroclastic flows are highly destructive and composed of hot gases infused with incandescent ash and larger rock fragments.
- Nuee ardentes are hot, fast-moving clouds of ash, gas, and rock that flow down the sides of a volcano.
- Lahars are dangerous due to their rapid movement and ability to cause widespread destruction.
Volcanic Regions
- The Ring of Fire is a region of high volcanic activity around the margins of the Pacific Ocean, characterized by composite cone volcanoes.
- Hot spot volcanoes are located at oceanic hotspots, where mantle plumes rise to the surface.
Magma Viscosity
- Magma viscosity is affected by composition, temperature, and amount of dissolved gases.
- Low viscosity magma flows more readily and easily, resulting in a fluid and passive eruption.
- High viscosity magma is more likely to produce an explosive eruption.
Volcanic Eruptions and Features
- The volcano that erupted in 79 A.D. and covered the town of Pompeii with ash and pumice is Vesuvius.
- Magma injection into fractures produces tabular discordant bodies known as dikes.
- Mauna Loa and Kilauea are classified as shield volcanoes.
Volcanic Gases and Activity
- Water vapor is the most abundant gas associated with volcanic activity.
- Water and carbon dioxide are the most abundant gases emitted during basaltic volcanism.
- A low viscosity magma will flow more readily and easily, resulting in a fluid and passive eruption.
Volcanic Structures and Landforms
- The steep-walled depression at the summit of a volcano is called a crater.
- Spreading center volcanism produces rocks that are basaltic in composition.
- A sill is a tabular and concordant intrusive structure.
- Stratavolcanoes are very steep-sided, very tall mountainous accumulations found on the overriding continental plate.
- Parasitic cones are features that form on the flanks of the main volcanic structure.
Volcanic Terms and Concepts
- Viscosity refers to the relative "thickness" of magma.
- A caldera is a large depression (> 1km in diameter) at the summit of a volcano.
- Fumaroles are eruptive vents that emit only gases.
- Volatility is a term that describes the relative "thickness" of magma.
- A batholith is a massive and discordant body of intrusive, igneous rock.
Types of Volcanoes
- Paricutin is an example of a cinder cone.
- The big Hawaiian volcanoes are situated above a hot spot deep in the mantle.
- Cinder cones are built from ejected lava fragments and form a relatively steep slope.
Other Volcanic Concepts
- Nuee ardent is a term for the dangerous, fast-moving, hot, turbulent cloud of volcanic gases and fine-sized pyroclastic particles that precede an explosive eruption.
- Pyroclastic material is any material that is ejected into the atmosphere during a volcanic eruption.
- Intraplate volcanism occurs when a mantle plume rises from below, as seen in the Yellowstone region.
- The confining pressure, composition of the material, and water content all affect the melting point of rock.
Plate Boundaries
- Diverging plate boundaries are associated with rift valleys, shallow earthquakes, and volcanic activity.
- Convergent plate boundaries are associated with subduction zones.
- New oceanic crust forms at divergent plate boundaries.
- Convergent plate boundaries produce the most and greatest magnitude earthquakes.
- Oceanic crust is neither created nor destroyed along transform fault boundaries.
Plate Tectonics
- The movement of heat from deep in the mantle to the top of the asthenosphere drives the lateral motions of Earth's lithospheric plates.
- New seafloor is generated at divergent plate boundaries.
- Deep ocean trenches are surficial evidence for sinking of oceanic lithosphere into the mantle at a subduction zone.
- Alfred Wegener argued forcefully for continental drift in the early 20th century.
Continental Drift
- Evidence for continental drift includes fossils, fit of the continents, polar wandering, and rock type similarities on different continents.
Volcanoes
- Volcanic island arcs are developed in oceanic-continental convergences.
- Continental volcanic arcs are developed in continental-continental convergences.
Earth's Interior
- The whole-mantle convection model accounts for oceanic material at depths greater than 660 km and illustrates mantle plumes originating from the core-mantle boundary.
- The Earth's core is thought to consist predominantly of iron.
Earthquakes
- The circum-Pacific belt is a region of high earthquake activity.
- The mechanism of elastic rebound is responsible for storing and releasing energy in the form of an earthquake.
- A seismograph records earthquake events.
- Tsunamis are ocean waves generated by earthquakes.
- The Richter scale measures the magnitude of an earthquake.
- An increase of one unit of magnitude on the Richter scale equates to about a 10-fold increase in energy.
- P waves are the most rapid type of seismic wave.
- Surface waves are the most destructive type of seismic wave.
Folds and Faults
- Folding occurs in mountain building processes where two oceanic plates converge and one is subducted beneath the other.
- Faulting occurs in response to compressional stress.
- The mechanism of elastic rebound is responsible for storing and releasing energy in the form of an earthquake.
Earth's Surface
- The apparent movement of Earth's magnetic poles over time is referred to as polar wandering.
- The breakup of Pangaea occurred about 200 million years ago.
- The best approximation of the true outer boundary of the continents is the seaward edge of the continental shelf.
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Description
This quiz covers the properties of magma and the characteristics of volcanic eruptions, including pyroclastic material, nuee ardente, and lahars.
