Volcanic Formation and Eruptions
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Questions and Answers

What is the highest temperature that lava from a volcano can reach?

  • 1,250°C (correct)
  • 800°C
  • 1,000°C
  • 1,500°C

    • Where is the world's largest active volcano located?

  • Tonga
  • Hawaii (correct)
  • Japan
  • Iceland

    • What is the name of the volcano that destroyed and buried the town of Pompeii?

  • Mount Vesuvius (correct)
  • Mount St Helens
  • Mount Kilimanjaro
  • Mauna Loa

    • How many volcanoes on Earth are considered active?

    <p>1,900</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is special about the volcano Loihi?

    <p>It is an underwater volcano</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'Ring of Fire'?

    <p>A region that contains 75% of the world's volcanoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is special about Kilauea?

    <p>It has been continually erupting since 1983</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Mount St Helens known for?

    <p>Eruping in 1980 with the loss of 57 lives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the mountain in Tanzania that is a dormant volcano?

    <p>Mount Kilimanjaro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one benefit of volcanic eruptions?

    <p>They can produce rich, fertile land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Volcano Formation

    • Volcanoes form at constructive plate boundaries where tectonic plates move apart, creating a gap in the Earth's crust for magma to escape.
    • At destructive plate margins, the heavier plate is pushed down into the Earth's mantle, melting into magma that rises to the surface.

    Types of Volcanoes

    • Composite volcanoes have steep sides due to thick, sticky lava that doesn't flow far before solidifying, leading to violent and explosive eruptions.
    • Shield volcanoes have gentle, sloping sides due to thin, runny lava that flows far before solidifying, resulting in non-violent eruptions.
    • Cinder cones are formed by small fragments of magma cooling quickly and falling as cinders, forming a crater around the volcano's summit.

    Volcano Characteristics

    • A volcano typically looks like a mountain or hill with a conical shape, featuring a main vent and often secondary vents.
    • Lava from a volcano can reach temperatures of up to 1,250°C.

    Volcano States

    • Volcanoes are categorized according to their level of activity, with active, dormant, and extinct volcanoes.
    • The 'Ring of Fire' contains 75% of the world's volcanoes, with 452 volcanoes stretching from South America to Japan and New Zealand.

    Notable Volcanoes

    • Mauna Loa in Hawaii is the world's largest active volcano, standing at 4,169m tall, and last erupted in 1984.
    • Mount Vesuvius in Italy destroyed the town of Pompeii in A.D. 79.
    • Mount St Helens in North America erupted in 1980 and 2008, with scientists predicting a future eruption.
    • Mount Kilimanjaro in Africa is a dormant volcano.

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    Social Studies Year 6 Exam Coverage - PDF

    Description

    Learn about the formation and eruption process of volcanoes, including the role of magma and the creation of the Earth's crust. Discover how volcanoes grow and change over time.

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