Earth Science and Volcanology Quiz

God's command in Genesis 1:28 to manage the earth wisely for His glory and man's benefit.

Studies earthquakes.

Studies and classifies volcanoes.

Studies caves.

Studies the ocean.

Explains why an event occurs or how something works.

A fundamental truth observed in nature that can be stated in a concise manner.

A simplified image of the Earth's surface.

Lines that connect points of equal elevation on a map.

The features of the Earth's surface in a particular region.

A map that shows borders of countries, states, or other political divisions.

A map that displays elevation and land formations using contour lines.

A map that focuses on a specific theme or data, such as population density or climate change.

A mineral made up of only one element, such as sulfur or gold.

A mineral composed of two or more elements, like quartz (silicon dioxide).

The study of rocks.

Igneous rocks formed from the cooling and solidification of lava above ground.

Igneous rocks formed from the cooling and solidification of magma below ground.

Rocks formed from the transformation of existing rocks through heat and pressure.

Pieces of broken or eroded rock.

Native minerals occur in their pure elemental form, meaning they are made up of only one type of atom.

Compound minerals are made up of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.

Luster describes how light reflects off a mineral's surface. It can be metallic (shiny like metal), glassy (like glass), pearly (like a pearl), or dull.

Specific gravity measures a mineral's density. Water has a specific gravity of 1. A mineral with a specific gravity of 3 is three times denser than water.

Streak is the color of a mineral's powder. It's found by rubbing the mineral against a streak plate (unglazed porcelain). The streak color may be different from the mineral's color.

The process of breaking down rock into smaller pieces due to forces like wind, water, or ice.

The process where sediments settle in a new location after being transported by wind, water, or ice.

The process where the weight of overlying sediments compresses the layers below, reducing spaces between particles.

The process where dissolved minerals in groundwater cement the sediments together, forming solid rock.

A type of sedimentary rock formed from fragments of other rocks, like sand, gravel, or clay.

The force that attracts objects towards each other, with greater mass resulting in stronger attraction. It also keeps the atmosphere and water on Earth.

The amount of matter in an object. Earth's mass is just right to create the ideal amount of gravity.

The Earth's tilt on its axis causing seasons, and its rotation around its axis causing day and night.

A protective layer of gases surrounding Earth, shielding it from harmful radiation, controlling temperature, and enabling life.

A shield generated by Earth's metallic core that protects us from harmful solar radiation.

The study of fossils, including their formation, identification, and interpretation.

A fossil that is found specifically within a particular layer of rock, helping scientists date other fossils in that layer.

A fossil that shows a possible intermediate stage between two groups of organisms, often used as evidence for evolution.

The complete disappearance of a species from Earth.

Forms when dissolved minerals replace the hard parts of an organism, preserving its original shape.

The process where oceanic tectonic plates move away from each other at mid-ocean ridges, causing new seafloor to form.

A model of rock layers that shows the history of the Earth. It helps to understand the order in which rocks formed.

The underlying principle that when sedimentary rock layers are undisturbed, the oldest layers are at the bottom and the youngest are at the top.

Fossils are most often found in sedimentary rocks because these rocks form from layers of sediment that bury and preserve organisms.

A theory that explains how Earth's outer layer (the crust) is broken into large pieces that move and interact with each other, causing earthquakes and volcanoes.

A fossil is formed when a dead organism is buried rapidly in sediment, protecting it from decay and allowing it to be preserved over time.

The principle of superposition suggests that in undisturbed rock layers, the oldest layers are found at the bottom and the youngest layers at the top.

A theory suggesting that the supercontinent Pangaea broke apart and the tectonic plates formed because of the Noah's flood.

Index fossils are fossils of organisms that lived for a short period of time and were widespread. They help scientists determine the age of rock layers.

Coal forms from the accumulation of dead plant matter that gets buried and compressed over time. This process gradually transforms the plant material into different types of coal, with the highest carbon content being anthracite.