VN105 CH7 The Skeletal System Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What are the scientific names for the shaft and the ends of a long bone?

The diaphysis is the shaft of a long bone; the epiphysis is the end of a long bone.

What compounds are deposited in the intercellular matrix of the embryonic skeleton to harden it?

Calcium compounds are deposited in the intercellular matrix of the embryonic skeleton to harden it.

What are the three types of cells found in bone, and what is the role of each?

Osteoblasts build bone tissue; osteocytes maintain bone; osteoclasts break down (resorb) bone.

What are the two types of osseous (bone) tissue, and where is each type found?

Compact bone makes up the main shaft of a long bone and the outer layer of other bones; spongy (cancellous) bone makes up the ends of the long bones and the center of other bones. Signup and view all the answers

What are the centers for secondary growth of a long bone called?

The epiphyseal plates are the secondary growth centers of a long bone. Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates osteoclast activity?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates osteoclast activities. Signup and view all the answers

What are some functions of bone markings?

Bone markings help form joints, are points for muscle attachments, and allow passage of nerves and blood vessels. Signup and view all the answers

Which bones make up the skeleton of the trunk?

The skeleton of the trunk consists of the vertebral column and the bones of the thorax, which are the ribs and sternum. Signup and view all the answers

What are the five regions of the vertebral column?

The five regions of the vertebral column are the cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx. Signup and view all the answers

What are the four regions of the appendicular skeleton?

The four regions of the appendicular skeleton are the shoulder girdle, upper extremity, pelvic bones, and lower extremity. Signup and view all the answers

Where would you find phalanges?

Phalanges constitute the bones of the fingers and toes. Signup and view all the answers

What are five categories of bone disorders?

Five categories of bone disorders are metabolic disorders, tumors, infections, structural disorders, and fractures. Signup and view all the answers

What are three types of joints based on the degree of movement they allow?

The three types of joints based on the degree of movement allowed are synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, and diarthrosis. Signup and view all the answers

Which is the most freely moveable type of joint?

A synovial joint or diarthrosis is the most freely moveable type of joint. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of joint disorder?

Arthritis is the most common type of joint disorder. Signup and view all the answers

What type of endoscope is used to examine and repair joints?

An arthroscope is used to examine and repair joints. Signup and view all the answers

What is the scientific name for the bone region involved when Reggie fractured the proximal end of a long bone?

The end of a long bone is the epiphysis. Signup and view all the answers

Would Reggie's fracture line contact red marrow or yellow marrow?

The fracture line would contain red marrow. Signup and view all the answers

During the healing process of Reggie's fracture, which cell type would produce new bone tissue?

Osteoblasts would produce new bone tissue. Signup and view all the answers

Does Reggy's fracture cross the proximal or distal end of the bone?

Reggie's fracture crosses the proximal end of the bone. Signup and view all the answers

Would this fracture pass through the medullary cavity?

Reggie's fracture would not pass through the medullary cavity. Signup and view all the answers

What three terms describe the joint proximal to Reggie's fracture?

The hip joint that is proximal to Reggie's fracture is a diarthrotic joint, synovial joint, and ball-and-socket joint. Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the movement when Reggie's lower limb was moved away from the midline of his body?

Abduction is the term that describes movement away from the midline of the body. Signup and view all the answers

What are the membranes on the outside and the inside of a long bone called?

The periosteum is the membrane on the outside of a long bone; the endosteum is the membrane on the inside of a long bone. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Long Bone Structure

Diaphysis refers to the shaft of a long bone.
Epiphysis refers to the end of a long bone.

Bone Hardening Process

Calcium compounds are deposited in the intercellular matrix of the embryonic skeleton to facilitate hardening.

Bone Cell Types and Functions

Osteoblasts: Responsible for building bone tissue.
Osteocytes: Maintain bone health and structure.
Osteoclasts: Break down (resorb) bone tissue.

Types of Osseous Tissue

Compact bone: Comprises the main shaft of long bones and the outer layer of other bones.
Spongy (cancellous) bone: Found at the ends of long bones and the center of other bones; also lines the medullary cavity.

Growth Centers in Bones

Epiphyseal plates are the centers for secondary growth of long bones.

Hormonal Regulation

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates osteoclast activity, influencing bone resorption.

Functions of Bone Markings

Bone markings assist in joint formation, serve as muscle attachment points, and permit the passage of nerves and blood vessels.

Skeleton of the Trunk

Composed of the vertebral column, ribs, and sternum (thorax).

Vertebral Column Regions

Regions include cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx.

Appendicular Skeleton Regions

Comprises the shoulder girdle, upper extremity, pelvic bones, and lower extremity.

Phalanges Location

Phalanges are the bones of fingers and toes.

Bone Disorder Categories

Include metabolic disorders, tumors, infections, structural disorders, and fractures.

Joint Types by Movement

Joints are classified as synarthrosis (immovable), amphiarthrosis (slightly movable), and diarthrosis (freely movable).

Freely Moveable Joints

Synovial joints are the most freely moveable type, categorized as diarthrosis.

Common Joint Disorder

Arthritis is recognized as the most common type of joint disorder.

Joints Examination Tool

An arthroscope is utilized for examining and repairing joints.

Fracture Specifics

Proximal end fracture of a long bone involves the epiphysis.
Such a fracture line will contain red marrow.

Healing Process of Fractures

Osteoblasts are the cell type that produces new bone tissue during the healing of fractures.

Fracture Extent

If extending from the greater to lesser trochanter, the fracture crosses the proximal end of the bone and does not pass through the medullary cavity.

Joint Characteristics

The hip joint proximal to a fracture can be described as a diarthrotic joint, synovial joint, and ball-and-socket joint.

Movement Terminology

Abduction describes the movement of a limb away from the body's midline.

Bone Membranes

The periosteum is the outer membrane of a long bone, while the endosteum is the inner membrane.

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Description

These flashcards cover essential concepts from Chapter 7 of VN105, focusing on the skeletal system. Learn about the structure of bones and joints, including terminology and functions critical to anatomy and physiology. Perfect for nursing students and health science scholars.