Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the skeletal system?
To protect organs and offer support.
What type of bone is the patella?
Sesamoid bone
What is a fracture?
A break in a bone.
What type of cartilage is found in the articular surface?
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What is the term for the shaft of a long bone?
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What is the term for a passage for nerves and blood vessels in a bone?
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What is the term for a depression in a bone?
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What type of bone contains air cavities?
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What type of bone fracture occurs when the broken bone penetrates through the skin?
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How many bones are in the axial skeleton?
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What is the function of the nasal and orbital cavities in the skull?
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Which bone is the only mobile bone of the skull?
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What type of joints join the bones of the skull together?
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Which of the following bones is not part of the axial skeleton?
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How many bones are in the facial skeleton?
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What is the name of the joint where the mandible articulates with the temporal bones?
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What type of bone is the hyoid bone?
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Which of the following sutures is located between the frontal bone and the parietal bones?
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What is the result of an untreated fracture to the pterion?
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How many vertebrae are there in the vertebral column?
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What is the function of the hyoid bone?
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What is the name of the process on the mandible that forms the jaw joint?
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Which of the following bones is classified as a facial bone?
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What is the name of the suture located between the parietal bones?
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Study Notes
Skeletal System
- Composed of cartilage and bone, which are types of connective tissue.
- Functions: protects organs, offers support, protection, and flexibility, forms blood cells, and stores calcium.
Types of Cartilage
- Three types: hyaline cartilage (articular surface), fibrous cartilage (discs), and elastic cartilage (auricle).
Types of Bones
- Gross types: long bones (e.g., humerus, femur), short bones (e.g., carpal, tarsal), flat bones (e.g., cranial, scapula, ribs), irregular bones (e.g., vertebrae, face bones), sesamoid bones (e.g., patella), and pneumatic bones (e.g., frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, mastoid).
Bone Markings
- Surface features of bones: sites of attachments for muscles, tendons, and ligaments, and passages for nerves and blood vessels.
- Depression and openings: fissure, foramen, fossa, sulcus, meatus, and processes (e.g., condyle, facet, head, crest, epicondyle, line, spinous process, trochanter, tubercle, tuberosity).
Fractures
- Types: closed (simple), open (compound), and greenstick.
Axial Skeleton
- Composed of 80 bones in the skull, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum.
- Includes: skull, mandible, hyoid bone, sternum, ribs, and vertebral column.
Skull
- Composed of 22 bones, divided into upper cranium and lower facial skeleton.
- Cranium: 8 bones, containing large cranial cavity that lodges the brain and meninges.
- Facial skeleton: 14 bones, containing small cavities (oral, nasal, and orbital).
Cranium Bones
- Includes: frontal, parietal (2), temporal (2), occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid.
Facial Bones
- Includes: zygomatic bones (2), maxillae (2), nasal bones (2), lacrimal bones (2), vomer (1), palatine bones (2), inferior conchae (2), and mandible (1).
Cranial Sutures
- Include: sagittal, coronal, and lambdoid sutures.
Mandible
- Has condylar process, coronoid process, ramus, and body.
Hyoid Bone
- U-shape located in the neck, with body, greater and lesser horns.
- Suspended in place by membranes, muscles, and ligaments, and important for movements of tongue, pharynx, and larynx.
Vertebral Column
- Composed of 33 vertebrae, divided into five groups: cervical, thoracic, lumber, fused sacrum, and fused coccygeal.
- Normal curves: cervical, thoracic, and lumbar curves.
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