Nursing: Axial Skeleton Lecture 3

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the skeletal system?

To regulate body temperature.

To protect organs and offer support. (correct)

To produce blood cells. (correct)

To aid in movement and flexibility.

What type of bone is the patella?

Long bone

Short bone

Sesamoid bone (correct)

Flat bone

What is a fracture?

A condition where a bone becomes deformed.

A condition where a bone becomes inflamed.

A break in a bone. (correct)

A condition where a bone becomes infected.

What type of cartilage is found in the articular surface?

Hyaline cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the shaft of a long bone?

Diaphysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a passage for nerves and blood vessels in a bone?

Foramen Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a depression in a bone?

Fossa Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone contains air cavities?

Pneumatic bone Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone fracture occurs when the broken bone penetrates through the skin?

Open fracture Signup and view all the answers

How many bones are in the axial skeleton?

80 bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nasal and orbital cavities in the skull?

To lodge organs of special sensation (smell, vision) Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is the only mobile bone of the skull?

Mandible Signup and view all the answers

What type of joints join the bones of the skull together?

Immobile, false fibrous joints Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is not part of the axial skeleton?

Zygomatic bone Signup and view all the answers

How many bones are in the facial skeleton?

14 bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the joint where the mandible articulates with the temporal bones?

Temporo-mandibular joint Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone is the hyoid bone?

Axial bone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sutures is located between the frontal bone and the parietal bones?

Coronal suture Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of an untreated fracture to the pterion?

Death in few hours Signup and view all the answers

How many vertebrae are there in the vertebral column?

33 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hyoid bone?

Important for movements of the tongue, pharynx, and larynx Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process on the mandible that forms the jaw joint?

Condylar process Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is classified as a facial bone?

Mandible Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the suture located between the parietal bones?

Sagittal suture Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Skeletal System

Composed of cartilage and bone, which are types of connective tissue.
Functions: protects organs, offers support, protection, and flexibility, forms blood cells, and stores calcium.

Types of Cartilage

Three types: hyaline cartilage (articular surface), fibrous cartilage (discs), and elastic cartilage (auricle).

Types of Bones

Gross types: long bones (e.g., humerus, femur), short bones (e.g., carpal, tarsal), flat bones (e.g., cranial, scapula, ribs), irregular bones (e.g., vertebrae, face bones), sesamoid bones (e.g., patella), and pneumatic bones (e.g., frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, mastoid).

Bone Markings

Surface features of bones: sites of attachments for muscles, tendons, and ligaments, and passages for nerves and blood vessels.
Depression and openings: fissure, foramen, fossa, sulcus, meatus, and processes (e.g., condyle, facet, head, crest, epicondyle, line, spinous process, trochanter, tubercle, tuberosity).

Fractures

Types: closed (simple), open (compound), and greenstick.

Axial Skeleton

Composed of 80 bones in the skull, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum.
Includes: skull, mandible, hyoid bone, sternum, ribs, and vertebral column.

Skull

Composed of 22 bones, divided into upper cranium and lower facial skeleton.
Cranium: 8 bones, containing large cranial cavity that lodges the brain and meninges.
Facial skeleton: 14 bones, containing small cavities (oral, nasal, and orbital).

Cranium Bones

Includes: frontal, parietal (2), temporal (2), occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid.

Facial Bones

Includes: zygomatic bones (2), maxillae (2), nasal bones (2), lacrimal bones (2), vomer (1), palatine bones (2), inferior conchae (2), and mandible (1).

Cranial Sutures

Include: sagittal, coronal, and lambdoid sutures.

Mandible

Has condylar process, coronoid process, ramus, and body.

Hyoid Bone

U-shape located in the neck, with body, greater and lesser horns.
Suspended in place by membranes, muscles, and ligaments, and important for movements of tongue, pharynx, and larynx.

Vertebral Column

Composed of 33 vertebrae, divided into five groups: cervical, thoracic, lumber, fused sacrum, and fused coccygeal.
Normal curves: cervical, thoracic, and lumbar curves.

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Description

This quiz covers the axial skeleton, including cartilage and bone types, functions, and characteristics. It is designed for first-year nursing students.