VMED 7502: Ophthalmic Exam Insights

<p>Cyclosporine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Break-up of corneal pigment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Canaliculi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To evaluate drainage patency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases tear volume (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ciliary body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pupil -&gt; iridocorneal angle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10-20 mmHg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>American Cocker Spaniel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute blepharospasm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glaucoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Narrowing of the iridocorneal angle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Causes optic nerve damage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anterior lens luxation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To preserve vision and comfort for as long as possible (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Topical steroids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>360-degree posterior synechia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Address the underlying cause directly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hair growing from the meibomian gland openings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ectopic cilia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eyelid rolling inward (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temporary tacking sutures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meibomian gland adenoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some breeds may have normal conformation without issues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blepharitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To move debris from the corneal surface (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ensure comfort (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mannitol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filtering implants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe intraocular pressure increase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In end-stage glaucoma cases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It causes the globe to shrink (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Latanoprost (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It should resolve the entropion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endothelial aspect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Topical antibiotics and systemic pain medications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corneal ulcer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of a tear in the retina (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corneal edema from glaucoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lymphoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cataract formation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Abnormal hair growth from the eyelid, directed towards the cornea.

Double row of eyelashes, arising from a meibomian gland opening.

Hair grows from meibomian gland but emerges from palpebral conjunctiva.

Eyelid rolls inward, causing irritation and ulcers.

Eyelid rolls outward.

Inflammation of the eyelids.

Third eyelid; part of ocular surface protection.

Tumors of the eyelids in dogs.

A dry eye disease in dogs, characterized by decreased tear production.

Include conjunctivitis, mucopurulent discharge, dull cornea, keratitis (inflammation of cornea), and blepharospasm (eyelid twitching).

A diagnostic test used to measure tear production in dogs.

Often includes cyclosporine or tacrolimus, immunosuppressants stimulating tear production.

A pathway for tears to drain from the eye to the nose (lacrimal puncta, canaliculi, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct).

Small openings at the corner of the eye that collect tears.

Used to diagnose dry eye; detects corneal ulcers and assesses tear film.

Blockage in the pathway of tear drainage from eye to nasal passages.

Glaucoma caused by underlying conditions that affect the flow of aqueous humor, such as lens luxation, tumors, uveitis, or hyphema.

A condition where the lens of the eye moves forward, blocking the flow of aqueous humor through the pupil, leading to secondary glaucoma.

Inflammation of the middle layer of the eye (uvea), which can lead to secondary glaucoma due to blockage of drainage pathways.

Blood in the anterior chamber of the eye, causing a blockage of drainage pathways and leading to secondary glaucoma.

Treatment options for secondary glaucoma focus on addressing the underlying cause, such as surgery for lens luxation, enucleation for tumors, and medications for uveitis or hyphema.

The ciliary body produces aqueous humor, providing nourishment to the intraocular structures.

Aqueous humor exits the eye through the iridocorneal angle, conventionally through the trabecular meshwork and scleral veins.

Impaired aqueous humor outflow leads to increased intraocular pressure (IOP), damaging the optic nerve, retina, cornea, and iris.

Intraocular pressure in a healthy dog is typically between 10-20 mmHg.

Commonly seen in middle-aged dogs (6-8 years), often bilateral but not necessarily at the same time.

Clinical signs of glaucoma include blindness (visual impairment), blepharospasm, redness in the eye (episcleral injection), and changes in pupil size (mydriasis).

Certain dog breeds, such as American Cocker Spaniels, Bassets, Chow Chows, Shar-Peis, Boston Terriers, Fox Terriers, and Siberian Huskies, have a higher risk of glaucoma.

Intraocular pressure is the pressure inside the eye; it result from balance between aqueous humor production and outflow

Substances that draw fluid out of the eye, lowering intraocular pressure (IOP). Used for acute glaucoma.

A hyperosmotic agent given intravenously to quickly reduce IOP in acute glaucoma. Effects last about 6-10 hours.

A hyperosmotic agent taken orally to lower IOP. Effects last around 6-10 hours.

A procedure that uses laser to damage the ciliary body, reducing production of aqueous humor and lowering IOP.

A surgically implanted device that provides a new pathway for aqueous humor drainage, increasing outflow.

Removal of the entire eyeball. Used as an end-stage procedure for chronic glaucoma.

Removal of the intraocular contents, leaving the sclera. An intrascleral prosthesis is then placed. Not appropriate for tumors.

Injection of gentamicin into the vitreous, damaging the eye tissue and ultimately shrinking the globe. 85% effective but not safe in cats or with tumors.

A wound on the cornea caused by trauma, foreign bodies, or infection. It can be superficial (minor) or deep (severe).

Topical antibiotics (to fight infection), atropine (to dilate the pupil and reduce pain), systemic pain medication, and an Elizabethan collar (to prevent scratching).

The vascular tunic of the eye, consisting of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. It supplies nutrients and helps maintain the eye's internal pressure.

Inflammation of the uveal tract caused by an injury or infection in the eye, often triggered by a corneal ulcer.

Separation of the retina from the choroid, usually caused by a tear in the retina. It can be rhegmatogenous (tear present) or non-rhegmatogenous (no tear).

Clouding of the lens in the eye, causing impaired vision. Common causes include genetics, diabetes, and uveitis.

Increased pressure within the eye, potentially leading to damage to the optic nerve and blindness. Can be acute (sudden onset) or chronic (gradual).