Vitamins B1 and B2: Foods and Toxicity
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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended daily allowance of thiamin for adults per 1000 kcal/day?

  • 1.0-2.0mg
  • 0.3-0.5mg (correct)
  • 0.5-1.0mg
  • 0.1-0.3mg

    • What is the consequence of chronic intake of thiamin exceeding 3g/day in adults?

  • Headache and weakness
  • Irritability and insomnia
  • Rapid pulse and dermatitis
  • All of the above symptoms (correct)

    • What is the role of riboflavin in energy metabolism?

  • Production of ATP
  • Oxidation/reduction reactions
  • Production of flavoproteins (correct)
  • Breakdown of carbohydrates

    • What is the term for the deficiency disease caused by a lack of riboflavin?

    <p>Ariboflavinosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of riboflavin that makes it resistant to heat?

    <p>Heat stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is lost during cooking along with folate?

    <p>Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of pyridoxine in RBC formation?

    <p>Haeme activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the enzyme that is inhibited by certain drugs, leading to a functional deficiency?

    <p>Flavokinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of folate in red cell maturation?

    <p>Maturing red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily intake of niacin per 1000 kcal?

    <p>5.5mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is an antagonist of folate?

    <p>Methotrexate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the deficiency disease caused by a lack of niacin?

    <p>Pellagra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily allowance of folate?

    <p>4 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of niacin in the body?

    <p>To play a role in energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of pellagra?

    <p>Scaly dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between tryptophan and niacin?

    <p>Tryptophan is a precursor to niacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of very high doses of pyridoxine?

    <p>Sensory nerve damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following populations is at a higher risk of folate deficiency due to increased requirements?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of high intakes of niacin?

    <p>Liver damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of folate deficiency in babies born to mothers with inadequate folate intake during pregnancy?

    <p>Neural tube defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a food source of pyridoxine?

    <p>Ripe bananas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of isoniazid on pyridoxine?

    <p>Impairs pyridoxine absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily intake of riboflavin?

    <p>1.2-1.8 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of choline in normal fat and carbohydrate metabolism?

    <p>Maintaining membrane structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily allowance of choline for pregnant women?

    <p>450mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of scurvy, a disease caused by a deficiency of ascorbic acid?

    <p>Impaired collagen formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ascorbic acid in folic acid metabolism?

    <p>Enhancing folic acid bioavailability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following foods is a rich source of choline?

    <p>Egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the 'vitamin-like' nutrient that is essential for normal fat and carbohydrate metabolism?

    <p>Choline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of vitamin D in the body?

    <p>To induce the absorption of calcium from the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of vitamin D deficiency on the skeleton?

    <p>It results in a poorly mineralized skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most active form of vitamin D produced in the body?

    <p>1:25-DHCC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily intake of vitamin D?

    <p>50µg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of high levels of vitamin D in the body?

    <p>It results in hypercalcaemia and renal calculi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the precursor of vitamin D synthesized in the skin?

    <p>7-Dehydrocholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function oftocopherol in regulating platelet coagulability?

    <p>Inhibiting vascular smooth muscle proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of severe vitamin E deficiency?

    <p>Leakage of cell contents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of vitamin E in cell membranes?

    <p>Protecting lipid cell membrane integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of individuals is recommended to take vitamin D supplements?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily intake of vitamin E?

    <p>15mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the association of low vitamin E intake with certain diseases?

    <p>Heart disease and cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of vitamin K in the body?

    <p>To act as a cofactor in the synthesis of prothrombin and clotting factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of vitamin K deficiency?

    <p>Defects in bone metabolism in the fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of phylloquinone in the diet?

    <p>Green leafy vegetables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of bile in the absorption of vitamin K?

    <p>It enhances the absorption of vitamin K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between vitamin K and osteocalcin?

    <p>Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of osteocalcin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of vitamin K in the body?

    <p>It is not stored in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for vitamin K deficiency in newborn babies?

    <p>Poor placental transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the laboratory diagnostic test for vitamin K deficiency?

    <p>Prothrombin time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily intake of vitamin K for adults?

    <p>0.5-1mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is vitamin K injection given to newborn babies at birth?

    <p>To prevent bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of vitamin K deficiency in the first week of life?

    <p>Risk of bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for low levels of vitamin K in breast milk?

    <p>Natural low levels of vitamin K in breast milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of vitamin A in the immune system?

    <p>Modulation of immune cell function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about vitamin D?

    <p>It is an immunomodulator that can also act as a hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of carotenoids in agro-food, nutrition, and health?

    <p>Provision of vitamin A activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of vitamin A in wound healing?

    <p>Stimulation of epithelialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between vitamin A and apocarotenoids?

    <p>Apocarotenoids are derived from vitamin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of vitamin D in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease?

    <p>Modulation of cell growth and differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of micronutrients in the body?

    <p>To facilitate the production of enzymes and hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the threat posed by micronutrient deficiencies, particularly in women and children in developing countries?

    <p>Impaired growth and development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the description of micronutrients by the World Health Organization (WHO)?

    <p>Magic wands that facilitate enzyme production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of micronutrients in the body?

    <p>They are essential for growth and development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of vitamins that classifies them as either water soluble or fat soluble?

    <p>Their solubility in water or fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of 11 cis-retinal in the eye?

    <p>Formation of functional photo pigment responsive to light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of severe vitamin A deficiency?

    <p>Corneal ulceration and blindness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the association of low vitamin A levels with?

    <p>Increased risk of developing cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major focus of public health programmes worldwide regarding vitamin A?

    <p>Reducing the incidence of night blindness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of an excessive intake of vitamin A?

    <p>Permanent damage to liver, bone, and vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of vitamin D for humans?

    <p>Endogenous synthesis in the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of severe malnutrition on plasma levels of vitamin A?

    <p>Decreased levels due to lack of carrier proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Bitot's spots in vitamin A deficiency?

    <p>It is an early sign of vitamin A deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of chronic toxicity of vitamin A?

    <p>Cracking of lips and dry, itchy skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the RDA for vitamin A?

    <p>6.7μg/kg body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the condition caused by excessive ingestion of beta-carotene?

    <p>Hypercarotenosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a deficiency of vitamin A during fetal development?

    <p>Fetal resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of metabolism of vitamin D in the body?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of high PTH levels on vitamin D metabolism?

    <p>Increased production of 1:25-DHCC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of vitamin D deficiency in adults?

    <p>Osteomalacia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily intake of vitamin D for infants?

    <p>25µg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of vitamin D toxicity?

    <p>Weakness, nausea, and headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of 1:25-DHCC in the body?

    <p>Induction of calcium absorption from the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for vitamin K deficiency in newborn babies due to?

    <p>Poor placental transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily intake of vitamin K for adults?

    <p>0.5-1mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the laboratory diagnostic test for vitamin K deficiency?

    <p>Prothrombin time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of vitamin K deficiency in the first week of life?

    <p>Risk of bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of phylloquinone in the diet?

    <p>Leafy green vegetables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between vitamin K and osteocalcin?

    <p>Vitamin K is a cofactor for osteocalcin</p> Signup and view all the answers

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