Vitamins B1 and B2: Foods and Toxicity

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What is the recommended daily allowance of thiamin for adults per 1000 kcal/day?

1.0-2.0mg

0.3-0.5mg (correct)

0.5-1.0mg

0.1-0.3mg

What is the consequence of chronic intake of thiamin exceeding 3g/day in adults?

Headache and weakness

Irritability and insomnia

Rapid pulse and dermatitis

All of the above symptoms (correct)

What is the role of riboflavin in energy metabolism?

Production of ATP

Oxidation/reduction reactions

Production of flavoproteins (correct)

Breakdown of carbohydrates

What is the term for the deficiency disease caused by a lack of riboflavin?

Ariboflavinosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of riboflavin that makes it resistant to heat?

Heat stability Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is lost during cooking along with folate?

Vitamin C Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of pyridoxine in RBC formation?

Haeme activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the enzyme that is inhibited by certain drugs, leading to a functional deficiency?

Flavokinase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of folate in red cell maturation?

Maturing red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily intake of niacin per 1000 kcal?

5.5mg Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is an antagonist of folate?

Methotrexate Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the deficiency disease caused by a lack of niacin?

Pellagra Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily allowance of folate?

4 mg Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of niacin in the body?

To play a role in energy production Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of pellagra?

Scaly dermatitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between tryptophan and niacin?

Tryptophan is a precursor to niacin Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of very high doses of pyridoxine?

Sensory nerve damage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following populations is at a higher risk of folate deficiency due to increased requirements?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of high intakes of niacin?

Liver damage Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of folate deficiency in babies born to mothers with inadequate folate intake during pregnancy?

Neural tube defects Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a food source of pyridoxine?

Ripe bananas Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of isoniazid on pyridoxine?

Impairs pyridoxine absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily intake of riboflavin?

1.2-1.8 mg Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of choline in normal fat and carbohydrate metabolism?

Maintaining membrane structure Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily allowance of choline for pregnant women?

450mg Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of scurvy, a disease caused by a deficiency of ascorbic acid?

Impaired collagen formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ascorbic acid in folic acid metabolism?

Enhancing folic acid bioavailability Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following foods is a rich source of choline?

Egg Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the 'vitamin-like' nutrient that is essential for normal fat and carbohydrate metabolism?

Choline Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vitamin D in the body?

To induce the absorption of calcium from the small intestine Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of vitamin D deficiency on the skeleton?

It results in a poorly mineralized skeleton Signup and view all the answers

What is the most active form of vitamin D produced in the body?

1:25-DHCC Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily intake of vitamin D?

50µg/day Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of high levels of vitamin D in the body?

It results in hypercalcaemia and renal calculi Signup and view all the answers

What is the precursor of vitamin D synthesized in the skin?

7-Dehydrocholesterol Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function oftocopherol in regulating platelet coagulability?

Inhibiting vascular smooth muscle proliferation Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of severe vitamin E deficiency?

Leakage of cell contents Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of vitamin E in cell membranes?

Protecting lipid cell membrane integrity Signup and view all the answers

Which group of individuals is recommended to take vitamin D supplements?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily intake of vitamin E?

15mg Signup and view all the answers

What is the association of low vitamin E intake with certain diseases?

Heart disease and cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vitamin K in the body?

To act as a cofactor in the synthesis of prothrombin and clotting factors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of vitamin K deficiency?

Defects in bone metabolism in the fetus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of phylloquinone in the diet?

Green leafy vegetables Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of bile in the absorption of vitamin K?

It enhances the absorption of vitamin K Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between vitamin K and osteocalcin?

Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of osteocalcin Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of vitamin K in the body?

It is not stored in the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for vitamin K deficiency in newborn babies?

Poor placental transfer Signup and view all the answers

What is the laboratory diagnostic test for vitamin K deficiency?

Prothrombin time Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily intake of vitamin K for adults?

0.5-1mg Signup and view all the answers

Why is vitamin K injection given to newborn babies at birth?

To prevent bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of vitamin K deficiency in the first week of life?

Risk of bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for low levels of vitamin K in breast milk?

Natural low levels of vitamin K in breast milk Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of vitamin A in the immune system?

Modulation of immune cell function Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about vitamin D?

It is an immunomodulator that can also act as a hormone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of carotenoids in agro-food, nutrition, and health?

Provision of vitamin A activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of vitamin A in wound healing?

Stimulation of epithelialization Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between vitamin A and apocarotenoids?

Apocarotenoids are derived from vitamin A Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vitamin D in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease?

Modulation of cell growth and differentiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of micronutrients in the body?

To facilitate the production of enzymes and hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is the threat posed by micronutrient deficiencies, particularly in women and children in developing countries?

Impaired growth and development Signup and view all the answers

What is the description of micronutrients by the World Health Organization (WHO)?

Magic wands that facilitate enzyme production Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of micronutrients in the body?

They are essential for growth and development Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of vitamins that classifies them as either water soluble or fat soluble?

Their solubility in water or fat Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of 11 cis-retinal in the eye?

Formation of functional photo pigment responsive to light Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of severe vitamin A deficiency?

Corneal ulceration and blindness Signup and view all the answers

What is the association of low vitamin A levels with?

Increased risk of developing cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the major focus of public health programmes worldwide regarding vitamin A?

Reducing the incidence of night blindness Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of an excessive intake of vitamin A?

Permanent damage to liver, bone, and vision Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of vitamin D for humans?

Endogenous synthesis in the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of severe malnutrition on plasma levels of vitamin A?

Decreased levels due to lack of carrier proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Bitot's spots in vitamin A deficiency?

It is an early sign of vitamin A deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of chronic toxicity of vitamin A?

Cracking of lips and dry, itchy skin Signup and view all the answers

What is the RDA for vitamin A?

6.7μg/kg body weight Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition caused by excessive ingestion of beta-carotene?

Hypercarotenosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a deficiency of vitamin A during fetal development?

Fetal resorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of metabolism of vitamin D in the body?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of high PTH levels on vitamin D metabolism?

Increased production of 1:25-DHCC Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of vitamin D deficiency in adults?

Osteomalacia Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily intake of vitamin D for infants?

25µg/day Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of vitamin D toxicity?

Weakness, nausea, and headache Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of 1:25-DHCC in the body?

Induction of calcium absorption from the small intestine Signup and view all the answers