Vitamin B1 and B2 Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a key function of Vitamin B1 (thiamine)?

  • Contributing to energy metabolism (correct)
  • Enhancing vision
  • Improving bone density
  • Regulating blood sugar levels

    • Thiamine stability increases in alkaline conditions.

    False

    What dietary sources are rich in thiamine?

    Whole grains, legumes, and meats

    Thiamine deficiency can lead to the clinical syndrome known as __________.

    <p>beriberi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following B-vitamins with their characteristics:

    <p>Vitamin B1 = Participates in energy metabolism Vitamin B2 = Slightly soluble in water and sensitive to light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can contribute to Vitamin B1 deficiency?

    <p>Alcohol dependence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) is known to be heat-sensitive.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does thiamine play in the body?

    <p>Converting carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins into energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the richest natural source of riboflavin?

    <p>Yeast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Riboflavin is unstable during cooking in the absence of light.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of riboflavin in the conversion of other vitamins?

    <p>Conversion of vitamins B6, folic acid, and niacin into their active coenzyme forms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of vitamin B6 is the most stable and commonly used as a dietary supplement?

    <p>Pyridoxine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vitamin B6 deficiency does not impact neurological function.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Riboflavin occurs in foods both in free form and as _____ and _____.

    <p>FMN, FAD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the food sources to their riboflavin content:

    <p>Dairy products = Main dietary source Eggs = Moderate source Fruits = Small amounts Meats = Rich source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one source of vitamin B6.

    <p>Beef liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vitamin B6 acts as a critical co-factor for a diverse range of biochemical reactions that regulate basic cellular __________.

    <p>metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of riboflavin?

    <p>Assists in protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Free riboflavin is absorbed readily into cells of the intestinal mucosa.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following sources of vitamin B6 with their respective categories:

    <p>Beef liver = Animal sources Chickpeas = Plant sources Dark leafy greens = Vegetable sources Salmon = Fish sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary symptom of vitamin B6 deficiency?

    <p>Peripheral neuropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enhances the active transport of free riboflavin?

    <p>Bile salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Riboflavin plays a role in releasing energy from _____ and _____ and _____.

    <p>carbohydrates, fats, proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vitamin B6 is not required for neurotransmitter synthesis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about riboflavin is true?

    <p>It can be found in small amounts in green vegetables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List one use of vitamin B6.

    <p>Improve mood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vitamin B6 deficiency can lead to __________ lesions.

    <p>skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of vitamin B6 deficiency?

    <p>Vision impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following foods is rich in Vitamin B7?

    <p>Eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vitamin B9 is also known as folate.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What important role does Vitamin B7 play in metabolism?

    <p>It transfers carbon dioxide as a coenzyme.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A deficiency in Vitamin B7 can lead to __________.

    <p>fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the vitamin with its primary usage:

    <p>Vitamin B7 = Used in fatty acid synthesis Vitamin B9 = Aids in preventing anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a source of Vitamin B9?

    <p>Peanuts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vitamin B7 is not involved in protein metabolism.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one vegetable that is a source of Vitamin B7.

    <p>Sweet potatoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sources of Vitamin B9 include __________, fresh fruits, and whole grains.

    <p>beans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following deficiencies with their symptoms:

    <p>Vitamin B7 = Skin issues Vitamin B9 = Brain development issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a crucial role of Vitamin B12 during early pregnancy?

    <p>Reducing risk of birth defects of the brain and spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to glossitis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stable form of Vitamin B12 that is frequently used in therapy?

    <p>Cyanocobalamin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vitamin B12 is required for the synthesis of ______ and ______.

    <p>glycine, methionine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following functions with their corresponding actions related to Vitamin B12:

    <p>Role in DNA synthesis = Crucial for cell replication Conversion of homocysteine to methionine = Acting as a coenzyme Maintenance of nerve fiber lining = Protecting nerve cells Metabolism of fatty acids = Energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

    • Thiamine is a sulfur-containing vitamin necessary for energy metabolism
    • Sources include whole grains, legumes, and meats
    • Alcohol inhibits thiamine absorption
    • Deficiency can cause Wernicke encephalopathy, beriberi
      • Risk factors include alcohol dependency, malabsorption, and a diet low in thiamine
    • Thiamine is stable in an acidic environment but decomposes readily above pH 5.0
    • About 50% of thiamine in foods is destroyed during cooking

    Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

    • Riboflavin is a yellow, heat-stable substance
    • Sensitive to light, decomposing into lumichrome or lumiflavin depending on the solution's pH
    • Neither lumichrome nor lumiflavin has physiologic activity
    • Main sources include yeast, dairy products, eggs, legumes, and meats
    • Also found in cereal grains, fruits, and green vegetables
    • Riboflavin is stable during cooking in the absence of light
    • Riboflavin occurs in foods as the free form, FMN (Flavin mononucleotide), and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide)
    • The nucleosides are hydrolyzed to riboflavin in the upper gastrointestinal tract
    • Free riboflavin is readily absorbed by an active transport system enhanced by bile salts

    Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

    • Niacin refers to nicotinic acid and nicotinamide
    • Niacin is found in most foods, particularly those rich in protein, such as meat, poultry, fish, eggs, nuts, and seeds
    • Also found in whole grains, mushrooms, avocados, and some green leafy vegetables
    • Nicotinic acid is the predominant form in animal tissues
    • Pyridoxamine is the most stable

    Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

    • Vitamin B6 is essential for biological reactions including amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and red blood cell formation
    • Key co-factor for diverse biochemical reactions regulating basic cellular metabolism
    • Sources include beef liver, tuna, salmon, fortified cereals, chickpeas, poultry, and some vegetables and fruits
    • Deficiency causes peripheral neuropathy
    • Symptoms of deficiency resemble those of niacin and riboflavin deficiencies, including neurological abnormalities, skin lesions, and hypochromic microcytic anemia

    Vitamin B7 (Biotin)

    • Biotin plays a crucial role in metabolism as a coenzyme that transfers carbon dioxide
    • Essential for the breakdown of food into energy
    • Involved in many cellular reactions, particularly fat and protein metabolism of hair roots, fingernails, and skin
    • Found in eggs, fish, meat, seeds, nuts, and certain vegetables
    • Deficiency causes fatigue, depression, and dermatitis

    Vitamin B9 (Folate)

    • Folate, folacin, pteroylglutamic acid, and vitamin B9 are terms referring to a material with anemia properties
    • Essential for brain development and function
    • Aids in the production of DNA and RNA
    • Important in the metabolism of vitamins and amino acids
    • Crucial during early pregnancy to reduce the risk of birth defects of the brain and spine
    • Required for the synthesis of glycine, methionine, nucleotides T & U
    • Sources include beans, peanuts, sunflower seeds, fresh fruits, fruit juices, whole grains, and liver
    • Deficiency can cause megaloblastic and macrocytic anemias, and glossitis

    Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

    • Vitamin B12 refers to a series of porphyrin-related corrinoid derivatives that prevent pernicious anemia
    • Cyanocobalamin is the most stable form and is most frequently used in therapy
    • Hydroxocobalamin is also used therapeutically
    • Vitamin B12 acts as a coenzyme in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine
    • Plays a role in the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids
    • Involved in the production of neurotransmitters
    • Maintains the lining that surrounds and protects nerve fibers
    • Crucial for bone cell activity
    • Plays a significant role in DNA synthesis

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    Vitamins Part 2 PDF

    Description

    Explore the essential roles of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) and Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) in energy metabolism and nutrition. Learn about their sources, absorption factors, and stability during cooking. Understand the risks of deficiency and the physiological activities of these vitamins.

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