Vitamins and Minerals: Functions and Importance

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Questions and Answers

What happens to iron requirements in women after menopause?

  • They stay the same as during reproductive years
  • They are no longer necessary
  • They drop to male levels (correct)
  • They increase significantly

Why do many pregnant women require blood transfusions during pregnancy?

  • Because the fetus increases the mother's ferritin levels
  • To increase their iron stores
  • As a result of extremely low iron levels (correct)
  • Due to high blood iron levels

In late adulthood, what happens to food intake needs?

  • They become irrelevant
  • They remain the same as in earlier years
  • They increase as metabolic rate declines
  • They decline as metabolic rate declines (correct)

What is essential for cell survival based on the proper operation of metabolic pathways?

<p>Sufficient carbohydrates, fats, and proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which body systems make it possible to take in complex foods?

<p>Nervous, skeletal, and muscular systems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What system regulates the balance between immediate use and storage of nutrients?

<p>Endocrine system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT one of the main determinants of Total Metabolic Rate?

<p>Age (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Vitamin E?

<p>Prevent free radicals from damaging cells and DNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Calcitriol help regulate in the body?

<p>Fluid/ion composition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is essential for the hardening of bone?

<p>Calcium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) refer to?

<p>Energy expended while resting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of metabolic rates, which factor is influenced by thyroid hormone level?

<p>Body temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to body weight when energy input is greater than energy output?

<p>Body weight increases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which macronutrient is used up first in starvation?

<p>Carbohydrates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary control over appetite according to the text?

<p>Feeding centers in the hypothalamus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones are thought to contribute largely to the metabolic decline throughout life?

<p>T3 and T4 thyroid hormones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition where there is a loss of appetite?

<p><em>Anorexia</em> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrients are critical in fetal development, infancy, and childhood according to the text?

<p><em>Proteins and calcium</em> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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