Vitamin K and Its Functions

What is the primary active form of Vitamin E?

Which of the following is NOT a function of Vitamin E?

What condition can occur as a result of Vitamin E deficiency in premature infants?

Which type of Vitamin E is associated with anti-sterility functions?

What role does Vitamin E play in heart health?

What is the primary function of vitamin K in the body?

Which condition is least likely to cause vitamin K deficiency?

Which vitamin K form is synthetic and known to be more potent than K1 and K2?

Which of the following treatments uses vitamin K as a coagulant?

What effect does long-term use of anticoagulants have on vitamin K levels?

Vitamin K

Vitamin K exists in three forms: K1, K2, and K3 (synthesized).
Vitamin K3 is more potent than K1 and K2.
Function:
- Acts as a coenzyme for carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in blood clotting factors (prothrombin, factor VII, IX, X), converting them to their active forms.
- Produces osteocalcin (calcium-binding protein).
Deficiency:
- Can occur in newborns due to their sterile intestines (bacterial flora is the main source of vitamin K).
- Can occur due to long-term antibiotic use, which eliminates intestinal bacteria.
- Can occur in individuals with liver disease.
- Can occur with long-term anticoagulant use.
Consequences of Deficiency: Impaired blood clotting, leading to bleeding.

Vitamin K Analogues

Methotrexate: Anticancer drug, a folic acid analogue.
Trimethoprim: Antibiotic, a folic acid analogue.
1-Menadione (K3): Synthetic form of vitamin K used to treat hemorrhages.
Dicoumarol and Warfarin: Vitamin K antagonists used as anticoagulants for thromboembolism.

Vitamin E (Tocopherols)

Four types of tocopherols: α, β, γ, and δ.
α-tocopherol is the most active form.

Vitamin E Functions

Anti-sterility.
Antioxidant.
Protection against atherosclerosis and heart disease by preventing oxidation of LDL (low-density lipoprotein).

Vitamin E Deficiency

RBCs hemolysis: Oxidative damage to red blood cells, especially in premature infants.
Infertility.

This quiz covers the essential functions, forms, and consequences of vitamin K deficiency. It also explores vitamin K analogues and their roles in medicine. Test your knowledge on how vitamin K is crucial for blood clotting and bone health.