Vitamin B1: Thiamin in Human Nutrition
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Questions and Answers

Match the following vitamins with their primary functions in the body:

Thiamin = Part of coenzyme TPP used in energy metabolism Riboflavin = Part of coenzymes FMN and FAD used in energy metabolism Biotin = Carboxylation reactions Pantothenic Acid = Synthesis of acetyl-CoA

Match the following vitamins with their recommended daily intake for women:

Thiamin = 1.1 mg/day Riboflavin = 1.1 mg/day Niacin = 14 mg/day B6 = 1.3 mg/day

Match the following vitamins with their natural food sources:

Thiamin = Whole grain, fortified, or enriched grain products Riboflavin = Dairy products, leafy green vegetables Niacin = Meat, fish, whole grains Pantothenic Acid = Avocado, broccoli, sweet potatoes

Match the following vitamins with their deficiency diseases:

<p>Thiamin = Beriberi Niacin = Pellagra B6 = Microcytic anemia Riboflavin = Ariboflavinosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their toxicity symptoms:

<p>Thiamin = None reported Niacin = Flushing, diarrhea B6 = Neuropathy, seizures Riboflavin = None reported</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their coenzymes:

<p>Vitamin B6 = PLP (pyridoxal phosphate) and PMP (pyridoxamine phosphate) Folate = THF (tetrahydrofolate) and DHF (dihydrofolate) Vitamin B12 = methylcobalamin and deoxyadenosylcobalamin Pantothenic Acid = Coenzyme A</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their significant sources:

<p>Pantothenic Acid = Organ meats, mushrooms, avocados, broccoli, whole grains Vitamin B6 = Meats, fish, poultry, potatoes, legumes, noncitrus fruits, fortified cereals, liver, soy products Folate = Fortified grains, leafy green vegetables, legumes, seeds, liver Vitamin B12 = Animal products, fortified cereals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their deficiency symptoms:

<p>Pantothenic Acid = Vomiting, nausea, stomach cramps, insomnia, fatigue, depression, irritability, apathy Vitamin B6 = Scaly dermatitis, anemia (small-cell type), depression, confusion, convulsions Folate = Anemia (large-cell type), smooth, red tongue, mental confusion, weakness, fatigue, irritability, headache Vitamin B12 = Anemia (large-cell type), fatigue, degeneration of peripheral nerves progressing to paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their chief functions in the body:

<p>Pantothenic Acid = Part of coenzyme A, used in energy metabolism Vitamin B6 = Part of coenzymes PLP and PMP, used in amino acid and fatty acid metabolism Folate = Part of coenzymes THF and DHF, used in DNA synthesis Vitamin B12 = Part of coenzymes methylcobalamin and deoxyadenosylcobalamin, used in new cell synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their toxicity symptoms:

<p>Pantothenic Acid = None reported Vitamin B6 = Depression, fatigue, irritability, headaches, nerve damage, skin lesions Folate = Masks vitamin B12-deficiency symptoms Vitamin B12 = None reported</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their recommended dietary allowance (RDA):

<p>Pantothenic Acid = 5 mg/day Vitamin B6 = 1.3 mg/day Folate = 400 μg/day (DFE) Vitamin B12 = 2.4 μg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their important health effects:

<p>Folate = Neural tube defect, heart health, cancer Vitamin B12 = Neural tube defect, heart health, cancer Vitamin C = Antioxidant, collagen synthesis, thyroxin synthesis, amino acid metabolism Pantothenic Acid = Energy metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their destruction methods:

<p>Pantothenic Acid = Food processing (freezing, canning,…) Vitamin B12 = Microwave cooking Vitamin C = Heat and oxygen Folate = Not specified</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their deficiency diseases:

<p>Vitamin C = Scurvy Vitamin B12 = Pernicious anemia Folate = Pernicious anemia Pantothenic Acid = Not specified</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their chief functions in the body:

<p>Vitamin C = Collagen synthesis, antioxidant, thyroxin synthesis, amino acid metabolism Folate = Part of coenzymes THF and DHF, used in DNA synthesis Pantothenic Acid = Part of coenzyme A, used in energy metabolism Vitamin B12 = Part of coenzymes methylcobalamin and deoxyadenosylcobalamin, used in new cell synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their coenzymes:

<p>Niacin = NAD and NADP Biotin = Coenzyme for energy metabolism Folic acid = Coenzyme for amino acid synthesis Pantothenic acid = Coenzyme A for fatty acid synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their deficiency symptoms:

<p>Niacin = 4 D's: Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Dementia, Death Biotin = Hair loss, skin rash, and neurological impairment Riboflavin = Inflamed eyelids and sensitivity to light, reddening of cornea Thiamin = Fatigue, weakness, and nerve damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their food sources:

<p>Niacin = Milk, eggs, meat, poultry, fish, whole-grain and enriched breads and cereals, nuts Biotin = Organ meats, egg yolks, soybeans, fish, whole grains Pantothenic acid = Wide distribution in foods, including whole grains, legumes, and nuts Riboflavin = Milk products, enriched or whole grains, liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their functions in the body:

<p>Niacin = Energy metabolism Biotin = Energy metabolism, fat synthesis, amino acid metabolism, and glycogen synthesis Pantothenic acid = Fatty acid synthesis and energy metabolism Thiamin = Energy metabolism and nerve function</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their toxicity symptoms:

<p>Niacin = Painful flush, and rash (niacin flush), excessive sweating, blurred vision, liver damage, impaired glucose tolerance Biotin = None reported Pantothenic acid = Diarrhea, nausea, and headaches Riboflavin = None reported</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their importance in the body:

<p>Niacin = Part of coenzymes NAD and NADP used in energy metabolism Biotin = Part of a coenzyme used in energy metabolism, fat synthesis, amino acid metabolism, and glycogen synthesis Pantothenic acid = Part of coenzyme A for fatty acid synthesis and energy metabolism Riboflavin = Part of flavin coenzymes FAD and FMN for energy metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Thiamin (Vitamin B1)

  • RDA: Men 1.2 mg/day, Women 1.1 mg/day
  • Functions: Coenzyme TPP (thiamin pyrophosphate) plays a vital role in energy metabolism.
  • Sources: Whole grains, fortified/enriched grain products; sensitive to heat.
  • Deficiency: Results in Beriberi—wet (edema) and dry (muscle wasting).
  • Symptoms: Enlarged heart, cardiac failure, muscular weakness, memory issues, anorexia.

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)

  • RDA: Men 1.3 mg/day, Women 1.1 mg/day
  • Functions: Coenzymes FMN and FAD are essential for energy metabolism.
  • Sources: Present in dairy, eggs, leafy greens, organ meats; not typically deficient.
  • Toxicity: No reported adverse effects.

Pantothenic Acid

  • Adequate Intake (AI): Adults 5 mg/day
  • Functions: Integral for coenzyme A, crucial for energy metabolism.
  • Sources: Widespread across foods, especially organ meats, mushrooms, avocados, grains.
  • Deficiency: Rare; may cause gastrointestinal issues, insomnia, fatigue, apathy.
  • Toxicity: No adverse effects reported.

Vitamin B6

  • Other names: Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal, Pyridoxamine
  • RDA: Adults 1.3 mg/day
  • Functions: Coenzymes PLP and PMP aid in amino acid/fatty acid metabolism and red blood cell production.
  • Sources: Meats, fish, poultry, potatoes, noncitrus fruits, fortified cereals.
  • Deficiency: Can lead to scaly dermatitis, small-cell anemia, and neurological symptoms.
  • Toxicity: Symptoms include depression, fatigue, nerve damage, and skin lesions.

Folate (Folic Acid)

  • RDA: Adults 400 µg/day (DFE)
  • Functions: Coenzymes THF and DHF are essential for DNA synthesis and cell formation.
  • Sources: Fortified grains, leafy greens, legumes, liver.
  • Deficiency: Associated with large-cell anemia and various mental health issues.
  • Health implications: Important for preventing neural tube defects and supports heart health.

Vitamin B12

  • Other name: Cobalamin
  • RDA: Adults 2.4 µg/day
  • Functions: Coenzymes used in cell synthesis and maintaining nerve health; crucial for folate metabolism.
  • Sources: Animal products (meat, dairy, eggs), fortified cereals; sensitive to microwave cooking.
  • Deficiency: Associated with pernicious anemia, characterized by large-cell anemia, fatigue, and nerve degeneration.

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

  • RDA: Men 90 mg/day, Women 75 mg/day
  • Functions: Crucial for collagen synthesis, antioxidant protection, iron absorption, immune function support.
  • Sources: Citrus fruits, dark green vegetables, tomatoes, strawberries; sensitive to heat and oxygen.
  • Deficiency: Leads to scurvy, resulting in anemia, joint pain, poor wound healing, and skin issues.

Niacin (Vitamin B3)

  • Other names: Nicotinic acid, Nicotinamide
  • Precursor: Dietary tryptophan
  • RDA: Men 16 mg NE/day, Women 14 mg NE/day
  • Functions: Coenzymes NAD and NADP are vital in energy metabolism.
  • Sources: Meats, dairy, eggs, whole grains, enriched cereals; deficiency leads to pellagra (the 4 D's: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death).
  • Toxicity: Can cause niacin flush, liver damage, and metabolic issues.

Biotin

  • Adequate Intake (AI): Adults 30 µg/day
  • Functions: Coenzyme role in energy metabolism, fat synthesis, and amino acid metabolism.
  • Sources: Organ meats, eggs, fish, whole grains, and synthesized by GI bacteria.
  • Deficiency: May result in hair loss, skin rashes, and neurological impairments.

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Learn about the functions, sources, and deficiency disease of Thiamin (Vitamin B1) in human nutrition. Discover its importance in energy metabolism and how it can be easily destroyed by heat.

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