Vitamin B1: Thiamin in Human Nutrition

Thiamin = Part of coenzyme TPP used in energy metabolism Riboflavin = Part of coenzymes FMN and FAD used in energy metabolism Biotin = Carboxylation reactions Pantothenic Acid = Synthesis of acetyl-CoA

Thiamin = 1.1 mg/day Riboflavin = 1.1 mg/day Niacin = 14 mg/day B6 = 1.3 mg/day

Thiamin = Whole grain, fortified, or enriched grain products Riboflavin = Dairy products, leafy green vegetables Niacin = Meat, fish, whole grains Pantothenic Acid = Avocado, broccoli, sweet potatoes

<p>Thiamin = Beriberi Niacin = Pellagra B6 = Microcytic anemia Riboflavin = Ariboflavinosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thiamin = None reported Niacin = Flushing, diarrhea B6 = Neuropathy, seizures Riboflavin = None reported</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin B6 = PLP (pyridoxal phosphate) and PMP (pyridoxamine phosphate) Folate = THF (tetrahydrofolate) and DHF (dihydrofolate) Vitamin B12 = methylcobalamin and deoxyadenosylcobalamin Pantothenic Acid = Coenzyme A</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pantothenic Acid = Organ meats, mushrooms, avocados, broccoli, whole grains Vitamin B6 = Meats, fish, poultry, potatoes, legumes, noncitrus fruits, fortified cereals, liver, soy products Folate = Fortified grains, leafy green vegetables, legumes, seeds, liver Vitamin B12 = Animal products, fortified cereals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pantothenic Acid = Vomiting, nausea, stomach cramps, insomnia, fatigue, depression, irritability, apathy Vitamin B6 = Scaly dermatitis, anemia (small-cell type), depression, confusion, convulsions Folate = Anemia (large-cell type), smooth, red tongue, mental confusion, weakness, fatigue, irritability, headache Vitamin B12 = Anemia (large-cell type), fatigue, degeneration of peripheral nerves progressing to paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pantothenic Acid = Part of coenzyme A, used in energy metabolism Vitamin B6 = Part of coenzymes PLP and PMP, used in amino acid and fatty acid metabolism Folate = Part of coenzymes THF and DHF, used in DNA synthesis Vitamin B12 = Part of coenzymes methylcobalamin and deoxyadenosylcobalamin, used in new cell synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pantothenic Acid = None reported Vitamin B6 = Depression, fatigue, irritability, headaches, nerve damage, skin lesions Folate = Masks vitamin B12-deficiency symptoms Vitamin B12 = None reported</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pantothenic Acid = 5 mg/day Vitamin B6 = 1.3 mg/day Folate = 400 μg/day (DFE) Vitamin B12 = 2.4 μg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Folate = Neural tube defect, heart health, cancer Vitamin B12 = Neural tube defect, heart health, cancer Vitamin C = Antioxidant, collagen synthesis, thyroxin synthesis, amino acid metabolism Pantothenic Acid = Energy metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pantothenic Acid = Food processing (freezing, canning,…) Vitamin B12 = Microwave cooking Vitamin C = Heat and oxygen Folate = Not specified</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin C = Scurvy Vitamin B12 = Pernicious anemia Folate = Pernicious anemia Pantothenic Acid = Not specified</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin C = Collagen synthesis, antioxidant, thyroxin synthesis, amino acid metabolism Folate = Part of coenzymes THF and DHF, used in DNA synthesis Pantothenic Acid = Part of coenzyme A, used in energy metabolism Vitamin B12 = Part of coenzymes methylcobalamin and deoxyadenosylcobalamin, used in new cell synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Niacin = NAD and NADP Biotin = Coenzyme for energy metabolism Folic acid = Coenzyme for amino acid synthesis Pantothenic acid = Coenzyme A for fatty acid synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Niacin = 4 D's: Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Dementia, Death Biotin = Hair loss, skin rash, and neurological impairment Riboflavin = Inflamed eyelids and sensitivity to light, reddening of cornea Thiamin = Fatigue, weakness, and nerve damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Niacin = Milk, eggs, meat, poultry, fish, whole-grain and enriched breads and cereals, nuts Biotin = Organ meats, egg yolks, soybeans, fish, whole grains Pantothenic acid = Wide distribution in foods, including whole grains, legumes, and nuts Riboflavin = Milk products, enriched or whole grains, liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Niacin = Energy metabolism Biotin = Energy metabolism, fat synthesis, amino acid metabolism, and glycogen synthesis Pantothenic acid = Fatty acid synthesis and energy metabolism Thiamin = Energy metabolism and nerve function</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Niacin = Painful flush, and rash (niacin flush), excessive sweating, blurred vision, liver damage, impaired glucose tolerance Biotin = None reported Pantothenic acid = Diarrhea, nausea, and headaches Riboflavin = None reported</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Niacin = Part of coenzymes NAD and NADP used in energy metabolism Biotin = Part of a coenzyme used in energy metabolism, fat synthesis, amino acid metabolism, and glycogen synthesis Pantothenic acid = Part of coenzyme A for fatty acid synthesis and energy metabolism Riboflavin = Part of flavin coenzymes FAD and FMN for energy metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers