Vitamin B1: Thiamin in Human Nutrition

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Questions and Answers

Match the following vitamins with their primary functions in the body:

Thiamin = Part of coenzyme TPP used in energy metabolism Riboflavin = Part of coenzymes FMN and FAD used in energy metabolism Biotin = Carboxylation reactions Pantothenic Acid = Synthesis of acetyl-CoA

Match the following vitamins with their recommended daily intake for women:

Thiamin = 1.1 mg/day Riboflavin = 1.1 mg/day Niacin = 14 mg/day B6 = 1.3 mg/day

Match the following vitamins with their natural food sources:

Thiamin = Whole grain, fortified, or enriched grain products Riboflavin = Dairy products, leafy green vegetables Niacin = Meat, fish, whole grains Pantothenic Acid = Avocado, broccoli, sweet potatoes

Match the following vitamins with their deficiency diseases:

Thiamin = Beriberi Niacin = Pellagra B6 = Microcytic anemia Riboflavin = Ariboflavinosis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their toxicity symptoms:

Thiamin = None reported Niacin = Flushing, diarrhea B6 = Neuropathy, seizures Riboflavin = None reported Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their coenzymes:

Vitamin B6 = PLP (pyridoxal phosphate) and PMP (pyridoxamine phosphate) Folate = THF (tetrahydrofolate) and DHF (dihydrofolate) Vitamin B12 = methylcobalamin and deoxyadenosylcobalamin Pantothenic Acid = Coenzyme A Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their significant sources:

Pantothenic Acid = Organ meats, mushrooms, avocados, broccoli, whole grains Vitamin B6 = Meats, fish, poultry, potatoes, legumes, noncitrus fruits, fortified cereals, liver, soy products Folate = Fortified grains, leafy green vegetables, legumes, seeds, liver Vitamin B12 = Animal products, fortified cereals Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their deficiency symptoms:

Pantothenic Acid = Vomiting, nausea, stomach cramps, insomnia, fatigue, depression, irritability, apathy Vitamin B6 = Scaly dermatitis, anemia (small-cell type), depression, confusion, convulsions Folate = Anemia (large-cell type), smooth, red tongue, mental confusion, weakness, fatigue, irritability, headache Vitamin B12 = Anemia (large-cell type), fatigue, degeneration of peripheral nerves progressing to paralysis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their chief functions in the body:

Pantothenic Acid = Part of coenzyme A, used in energy metabolism Vitamin B6 = Part of coenzymes PLP and PMP, used in amino acid and fatty acid metabolism Folate = Part of coenzymes THF and DHF, used in DNA synthesis Vitamin B12 = Part of coenzymes methylcobalamin and deoxyadenosylcobalamin, used in new cell synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their toxicity symptoms:

Pantothenic Acid = None reported Vitamin B6 = Depression, fatigue, irritability, headaches, nerve damage, skin lesions Folate = Masks vitamin B12-deficiency symptoms Vitamin B12 = None reported Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their recommended dietary allowance (RDA):

Pantothenic Acid = 5 mg/day Vitamin B6 = 1.3 mg/day Folate = 400 μg/day (DFE) Vitamin B12 = 2.4 μg/day Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their important health effects:

Folate = Neural tube defect, heart health, cancer Vitamin B12 = Neural tube defect, heart health, cancer Vitamin C = Antioxidant, collagen synthesis, thyroxin synthesis, amino acid metabolism Pantothenic Acid = Energy metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their destruction methods:

Pantothenic Acid = Food processing (freezing, canning,…) Vitamin B12 = Microwave cooking Vitamin C = Heat and oxygen Folate = Not specified Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their deficiency diseases:

Vitamin C = Scurvy Vitamin B12 = Pernicious anemia Folate = Pernicious anemia Pantothenic Acid = Not specified Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their chief functions in the body:

Vitamin C = Collagen synthesis, antioxidant, thyroxin synthesis, amino acid metabolism Folate = Part of coenzymes THF and DHF, used in DNA synthesis Pantothenic Acid = Part of coenzyme A, used in energy metabolism Vitamin B12 = Part of coenzymes methylcobalamin and deoxyadenosylcobalamin, used in new cell synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their coenzymes:

Niacin = NAD and NADP Biotin = Coenzyme for energy metabolism Folic acid = Coenzyme for amino acid synthesis Pantothenic acid = Coenzyme A for fatty acid synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their deficiency symptoms:

Niacin = 4 D's: Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Dementia, Death Biotin = Hair loss, skin rash, and neurological impairment Riboflavin = Inflamed eyelids and sensitivity to light, reddening of cornea Thiamin = Fatigue, weakness, and nerve damage Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their food sources:

Niacin = Milk, eggs, meat, poultry, fish, whole-grain and enriched breads and cereals, nuts Biotin = Organ meats, egg yolks, soybeans, fish, whole grains Pantothenic acid = Wide distribution in foods, including whole grains, legumes, and nuts Riboflavin = Milk products, enriched or whole grains, liver Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their functions in the body:

Niacin = Energy metabolism Biotin = Energy metabolism, fat synthesis, amino acid metabolism, and glycogen synthesis Pantothenic acid = Fatty acid synthesis and energy metabolism Thiamin = Energy metabolism and nerve function Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their toxicity symptoms:

Niacin = Painful flush, and rash (niacin flush), excessive sweating, blurred vision, liver damage, impaired glucose tolerance Biotin = None reported Pantothenic acid = Diarrhea, nausea, and headaches Riboflavin = None reported Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vitamins with their importance in the body:

Niacin = Part of coenzymes NAD and NADP used in energy metabolism Biotin = Part of a coenzyme used in energy metabolism, fat synthesis, amino acid metabolism, and glycogen synthesis Pantothenic acid = Part of coenzyme A for fatty acid synthesis and energy metabolism Riboflavin = Part of flavin coenzymes FAD and FMN for energy metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Thiamin (Vitamin B1)

RDA: Men 1.2 mg/day, Women 1.1 mg/day
Functions: Coenzyme TPP (thiamin pyrophosphate) plays a vital role in energy metabolism.
Sources: Whole grains, fortified/enriched grain products; sensitive to heat.
Deficiency: Results in Beriberi—wet (edema) and dry (muscle wasting).
Symptoms: Enlarged heart, cardiac failure, muscular weakness, memory issues, anorexia.

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)

RDA: Men 1.3 mg/day, Women 1.1 mg/day
Functions: Coenzymes FMN and FAD are essential for energy metabolism.
Sources: Present in dairy, eggs, leafy greens, organ meats; not typically deficient.
Toxicity: No reported adverse effects.

Pantothenic Acid

Adequate Intake (AI): Adults 5 mg/day
Functions: Integral for coenzyme A, crucial for energy metabolism.
Sources: Widespread across foods, especially organ meats, mushrooms, avocados, grains.
Deficiency: Rare; may cause gastrointestinal issues, insomnia, fatigue, apathy.
Toxicity: No adverse effects reported.

Vitamin B6

Other names: Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal, Pyridoxamine
RDA: Adults 1.3 mg/day
Functions: Coenzymes PLP and PMP aid in amino acid/fatty acid metabolism and red blood cell production.
Sources: Meats, fish, poultry, potatoes, noncitrus fruits, fortified cereals.
Deficiency: Can lead to scaly dermatitis, small-cell anemia, and neurological symptoms.
Toxicity: Symptoms include depression, fatigue, nerve damage, and skin lesions.

Folate (Folic Acid)

RDA: Adults 400 µg/day (DFE)
Functions: Coenzymes THF and DHF are essential for DNA synthesis and cell formation.
Sources: Fortified grains, leafy greens, legumes, liver.
Deficiency: Associated with large-cell anemia and various mental health issues.
Health implications: Important for preventing neural tube defects and supports heart health.

Vitamin B12

Other name: Cobalamin
RDA: Adults 2.4 µg/day
Functions: Coenzymes used in cell synthesis and maintaining nerve health; crucial for folate metabolism.
Sources: Animal products (meat, dairy, eggs), fortified cereals; sensitive to microwave cooking.
Deficiency: Associated with pernicious anemia, characterized by large-cell anemia, fatigue, and nerve degeneration.

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

RDA: Men 90 mg/day, Women 75 mg/day
Functions: Crucial for collagen synthesis, antioxidant protection, iron absorption, immune function support.
Sources: Citrus fruits, dark green vegetables, tomatoes, strawberries; sensitive to heat and oxygen.
Deficiency: Leads to scurvy, resulting in anemia, joint pain, poor wound healing, and skin issues.

Niacin (Vitamin B3)

Other names: Nicotinic acid, Nicotinamide
Precursor: Dietary tryptophan
RDA: Men 16 mg NE/day, Women 14 mg NE/day
Functions: Coenzymes NAD and NADP are vital in energy metabolism.
Sources: Meats, dairy, eggs, whole grains, enriched cereals; deficiency leads to pellagra (the 4 D's: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death).
Toxicity: Can cause niacin flush, liver damage, and metabolic issues.

Biotin

Adequate Intake (AI): Adults 30 µg/day
Functions: Coenzyme role in energy metabolism, fat synthesis, and amino acid metabolism.
Sources: Organ meats, eggs, fish, whole grains, and synthesized by GI bacteria.
Deficiency: May result in hair loss, skin rashes, and neurological impairments.

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Description

Learn about the functions, sources, and deficiency disease of Thiamin (Vitamin B1) in human nutrition. Discover its importance in energy metabolism and how it can be easily destroyed by heat.