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Questions and Answers
What is the product of Deamination of Serine?
What is the active form of Vitamin B1?
What is the deficiency disease caused by the lack of Vitamin B6?
Which of the following foods is a rich source of Vitamin B6?
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What is the function of NAD+ and NADP+ in the body?
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What is the other name for Vitamin B3?
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What is the deficiency disease caused by the lack of Vitamin B1?
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What is the function of Thiamine pyrophosphate in the body?
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What is the Decarboxylation reaction of Histidine?
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Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Vitamin B1 deficiency?
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Study Notes
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
- Niacin is present in grains, cereals, milk, and liver (except for corn which is low in niacin)
- Deficiency causes pellagra, with symptoms including dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
- Active forms: FMN, FAD
- Function: electron transfer
- Rare deficiency, with symptoms including dermatitis and angular stomatitis
- Found in dairy milk, yogurt, cheese, eggs, chicken breast, and salmon
Biotin
- Active form: enzyme-bound biotin
- Function: carboxylation reactions
- Deficiency does not occur naturally due to widespread distribution in food and intestinal bacteria production
- However, raw egg white consumption can induce biotin deficiency symptoms (dermatitis, glossitis, loss of appetite, and nausea) due to avidin binding biotin
Pantothenic Acid
- Active form: coenzyme A (CoA)
- Functions: acyl carrier, part of CoA and acyl carrier protein
- Thiol group in CoA carries acyl compounds as activated thiol esters (e.g., succinyl CoA, fatty acyl CoA, acetyl CoA)
Vitamin E (Tocopherols)
- No specific information provided
Folic Acid
- Active form: tetrahydro-folic acid
- Function: transfer one-carbon units, necessary for synthesis of methionine, purines, and thymidine monophosphate
- Deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia and neural tube defects (e.g., spina bifida, anencephaly)
- Supplementation recommended for women before conception and during the first trimester to reduce defects
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
- Active forms: Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine
- Function: deamination and decarboxylation reactions
- Deficiency rare, but observed in newborns fed low-B6 formula, women taking oral contraceptives, and alcoholics
- Isoniazid (tuberculosis treatment) can induce vitamin B6 deficiency
- Clinical signs and symptoms: glossitis, neuropathy, microcytic anemia
- Found in fish, beef liver, organ meat, potatoes, and starchy vegetables
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
- Active form: thiamine pyrophosphate
- Functions: coenzyme for enzymes catalyzing pyruvate → acetyl CoA, α-ketoglutarate → succinyl CoA, and branched-chain amino acid oxidation
- Deficiency causes beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (common in alcoholics)
- Signs and symptoms: tachycardia, vomiting, convulsions, apathy, loss of memory, and eye movements
- Found in beef, liver, dried milk, nuts, oats, oranges, pork, eggs, and legumes
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Description
This quiz covers the signs and symptoms of deficiencies in Vitamins B3 and B2, including dermatitis and diarrhea. It also highlights the food sources rich in these vitamins.
