Vitalism vs. Mechanism in 18th Century Science
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Questions and Answers

What did vitalism propose about organic compounds in the 18th century?

  • They were indistinguishable from inorganic compounds
  • They were governed by physical laws similar to inorganic compounds
  • They possessed a 'vital force' that distinguished them from inorganic compounds (correct)
  • They were considered inanimate matter
  • Who is often considered one of the early proponents of vitalism?

  • Georg Ernst Stahl (correct)
  • Albertus Magnus
  • Robert Boyle
  • Friedrich Hoffmann
  • What did Georg Ernst Stahl propose regarding the processes of life?

  • The inanimate nature of living organisms
  • The existence of an 'anima' or vital principle (correct)
  • The dominance of physical laws over life processes
  • The absence of any unique life force governing life processes
  • Who was a medieval alchemist and philosopher that influenced later vitalistic thinking with ideas on the spiritual nature of life processes?

    <p>Albertus Magnus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguished organic compounds according to the vitalistic theory?

    <p>A unique life force or 'vital principle'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which individual proposed the concept of 'archeus,' a vital force responsible for the growth and development of living organisms?

    <p>Jean-Baptiste van Helmont</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who emphasized the importance of an élan vital, or vital force, as the driving factor behind evolution and life processes?

    <p>Henri Bergson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known for proposing the structural formulas for organic compounds, including the cyclic structure for benzene?

    <p>August Kekulé</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which individual made significant contributions to stereochemistry and advanced our understanding of molecular geometry?

    <p>Emil Fischer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the synthesis of complex natural products such as quinine and vitamin B12?

    <p>Robert H. Woodward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguished organic compounds according to vitalism in the 18th century?

    <p>A unique life force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the existence of an 'anima' or vital principle governing the processes of life?

    <p>Georg Ernst Stahl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which individual made significant contributions to stereochemistry and advanced our understanding of molecular geometry?

    <p>Georg Ernst Stahl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a prevailing theory in the 18th and early 19th centuries proposing the existence of a vital force or life principle that distinguished living organisms from inanimate matter?

    <p>Vitalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who influenced later vitalistic thinking with ideas on the spiritual nature of life processes?

    <p>Albertus Magnus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did vitalism suggest about living organisms in the 18th century?

    <p>'Vital force' governed them</p> Signup and view all the answers

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