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Questions and Answers
What is the term used to refer to the number of cycles of AC that occur every second?
What is the term used to refer to the number of cycles of AC that occur every second?
- Ampere
- Volt
- Hertz (correct)
- Kilowatt
In aircraft, what is the standard frequency for AC power supply?
In aircraft, what is the standard frequency for AC power supply?
- 400 Hz (correct)
- 1000 Hz
- 50 Hz
- 60 Hz
What type of AC waveform is represented by a single sine wave?
What type of AC waveform is represented by a single sine wave?
- Single-phase (correct)
- Three-phase
- Multiphase
- Polyphase
Which term refers to the electrical bus that is non-essential for flight?
Which term refers to the electrical bus that is non-essential for flight?
How does the frequency of AC power impact aircraft equipment?
How does the frequency of AC power impact aircraft equipment?
What is the primary function of an inverter in an aircraft electrical system?
What is the primary function of an inverter in an aircraft electrical system?
In the event of all AC generators failing, how are essential aircraft electrical systems powered?
In the event of all AC generators failing, how are essential aircraft electrical systems powered?
What is the main difference between rotary and static inverters in aircraft electrical systems?
What is the main difference between rotary and static inverters in aircraft electrical systems?
Why is supplying aircraft with external AC power essential on the ground?
Why is supplying aircraft with external AC power essential on the ground?
What does a TRU do in an aircraft electrical system?
What does a TRU do in an aircraft electrical system?
What determines the output frequency of an aircraft's AC generator?
What determines the output frequency of an aircraft's AC generator?
Which component ensures that the generator's output frequency is maintained close to 400 Hz?
Which component ensures that the generator's output frequency is maintained close to 400 Hz?
What function does the Generator Control Unit (GCU) perform?
What function does the Generator Control Unit (GCU) perform?
What is the main purpose of Transformer Rectifier Units (TRUs) in an aircraft's power supply system?
What is the main purpose of Transformer Rectifier Units (TRUs) in an aircraft's power supply system?
In an aircraft's AC system operation, what ensures that the generator's frequency output remains stable even if the engine speed varies?
In an aircraft's AC system operation, what ensures that the generator's frequency output remains stable even if the engine speed varies?
What is the main advantage of using Alternating Current (AC) over Direct Current (DC) in aircraft power supply systems?
What is the main advantage of using Alternating Current (AC) over Direct Current (DC) in aircraft power supply systems?
In an aircraft, what design feature of AC generators makes them ideal for high altitude flight?
In an aircraft, what design feature of AC generators makes them ideal for high altitude flight?
What feature of AC allows it to achieve higher electrical efficiency in comparison to DC in aircraft systems?
What feature of AC allows it to achieve higher electrical efficiency in comparison to DC in aircraft systems?
What component allows AC power in aircraft to be adjusted as required for different equipment?
What component allows AC power in aircraft to be adjusted as required for different equipment?
Why are AC generators preferred over DC generators in aviation applications?
Why are AC generators preferred over DC generators in aviation applications?
What is the fundamental operation for an AC tied bus system?
What is the fundamental operation for an AC tied bus system?
What are the components of a tied bus system?
What are the components of a tied bus system?
How is the synchronization of number 2 generator to number 1 generator achieved in an AC tied bus system?
How is the synchronization of number 2 generator to number 1 generator achieved in an AC tied bus system?
What happens after number 2 generator is synchronized to number 1 generator in an AC tied bus system?
What happens after number 2 generator is synchronized to number 1 generator in an AC tied bus system?
Which system uses GCBs and BTBs with the same construction as the ones used in a split bus system?
Which system uses GCBs and BTBs with the same construction as the ones used in a split bus system?
What is the main purpose of a current limiter in a generator system?
What is the main purpose of a current limiter in a generator system?
What will happen if an aircraft generator's armature burns out due to excessive current flow?
What will happen if an aircraft generator's armature burns out due to excessive current flow?
When would a Transformer Rectifier Unit (TRU) be used as a secondary DC supply in an aircraft?
When would a Transformer Rectifier Unit (TRU) be used as a secondary DC supply in an aircraft?
What is the primary function of an RCR in an aircraft electrical system?
What is the primary function of an RCR in an aircraft electrical system?
How does a Transformer Rectifier Unit (TRU) contribute to an aircraft's power supply?
How does a Transformer Rectifier Unit (TRU) contribute to an aircraft's power supply?
If a DC generator operating within limits supplies the essential bus with a regulated 28 VDC, what action does the RCR take if the generator fails?
If a DC generator operating within limits supplies the essential bus with a regulated 28 VDC, what action does the RCR take if the generator fails?
Which bus in an aircraft would typically power some lighting systems and mission control when a generator fails?
Which bus in an aircraft would typically power some lighting systems and mission control when a generator fails?
In an aircraft, what role does the essential bus play in the DC distribution system?
In an aircraft, what role does the essential bus play in the DC distribution system?
If an AC waveform is represented by a single sine wave, what type of waveform does it indicate?
If an AC waveform is represented by a single sine wave, what type of waveform does it indicate?
When an aircraft's AC power frequency increases, how does it impact the operation of equipment connected to it?
When an aircraft's AC power frequency increases, how does it impact the operation of equipment connected to it?
What action does the RCR take if a DC generator fails and its output voltage remains above the battery's voltage?
What action does the RCR take if a DC generator fails and its output voltage remains above the battery's voltage?
Which term describes an electrical bus that is necessary for aircraft operation?
Which term describes an electrical bus that is necessary for aircraft operation?
What component disconnects a DC generator from the essential bus when it fails?
What component disconnects a DC generator from the essential bus when it fails?
If an AC system operates with a sawtooth waveform, what does this indicate about its output?
If an AC system operates with a sawtooth waveform, what does this indicate about its output?
What type of electrical wave has a triangular shape and is commonly used in certain AC applications?
What type of electrical wave has a triangular shape and is commonly used in certain AC applications?
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Study Notes
Tied Bus Distribution System
- A tied bus AC distribution system includes GCBs, BTBs, CSDUs, frequency control adjustment, GCUs, voltmeter, and frequency meter.
- The system operates by starting and synchronizing generators, then bringing them online by closing GCBs.
Generator Circuit Breaker (GCB) and Bus Tie Breaker (BTB)
- GCBs and BTBs used in a tied bus system are the same construction as those used in a split bus system.
AC System Operation
- AC waveform is a single-phase sine wave that periodically rises and falls on a regular time basis.
- Frequency is the number of cycles of AC that occur every second, and aircraft AC equipment requires a constant frequency of 400 Hz.
Transformer Rectifier Units (TRUs)
- TRUs convert AC generator output into 28 VDC required for the aircraft's DC loads.
- TRUs can be used as the primary DC supply or as a secondary DC supply if a DC generator fails.
Inverters
- Inverters change DC voltage into AC voltage, and can be used as a primary AC supply in aircraft with DC generators.
- Inverters can also be used as a backup power supply if all AC generators fail.
External Power Supply
- External power supply is essential for engine starting and servicing, and is usually provided by a constant frequency AC generator.
- Larger aircraft require only AC external power, while smaller aircraft typically use DC external power only.
Constant Speed Drive Unit (CSDU)
- CSDU ensures the output frequency of the generator is maintained close to 400 Hz, despite engine speed variations.
Generator Control Unit (GCU)
- GCU performs functions such as voltage regulation, current limiting, system protection, and crew alerting.
Advantages of Alternating Current
- AC has advantages over DC, including simpler generator design, higher electrical efficiency, and the ability to be stepped up or down by transformers.
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