GTS Mod 7 Specific
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Questions and Answers

What is a common method to boost power output during take-off in gas turbine engines?

  • Adding more turbines
  • Pumping additional air to increase intake air density (correct)
  • Cooling the exhaust gases
  • Increasing the combustion temperature

    • Why do very few modern gas turbine engines use fluid injection to augment thrust?

  • Fluid injection is very expensive
  • New turbofan engines have enough thrust capability (correct)
  • Fluid injection damages the engines
  • Fluid injection causes overheating

    • What is afterburning in the context of gas turbine engines?

  • Cooling the exhaust gases after combustion
  • Combusting fuel after the turbine with remaining oxygen (correct)
  • Reducing the airflow to the combustion chamber
  • Injecting fuel before the turbine

    • Which type of engines are more likely to benefit from fluid injection to augment thrust?

    <p>Engines of commuter and small aircraft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does cooling compressor or pre-combustion airflow help boost power output during take-off?

    <p>By increasing intake air density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the effects of afterburning in gas turbine engines?

    <p>Augmenting thrust at the exhaust nozzle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of power augmentation systems in engines?

    <p>To provide a short-term boost to engine power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of fluid injection system mentioned in the text?

    <p>Oil Injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of an afterburner in an aircraft engine?

    <p>To increase thrust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is responsible for providing fuel to an afterburner system?

    <p>AB Fuel Pump and Fuel Control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of power augmentation, what role do spray manifolds and flame retainers play?

    <p>Help in fuel atomization and combustion stabilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system enhances power by injecting water or water/methanol mixtures into the engine?

    <p>Power Augmentation System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the screech liner in an afterburner system?

    <p>Stabilize combustion and prevent oscillations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the afterburner layout is responsible for igniting the fuel mixture?

    <p>Ignition Systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of fluid injection in aircraft engines?

    <p>To increase the airflow density and mass flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the engine does fluid injection primarily cool when added at the compressor inlet?

    <p>The air after compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does fluid injection at the diffuser affect the engine's airflow?

    <p>It increases the velocity and pressure of the gasflow at the jet pipe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does heat transfer from fluid droplets to the air have on engine performance?

    <p>Increases airflow density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does additional fuel in the combustor contribute to engine thrust?

    <p>Increases velocity and pressure of gasflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary result of using a fluid injection system in terms of engine performance?

    <p>Boost in thrust by 10% to 30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the tank-mounted sight gauge in the Metroliner fluid injection system?

    <p>To determine the tank's fluid quantity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Metroliner fluid injection system, what is the function of the check valves fitted on each pump?

    <p>To prevent pressure bypass in case of pump failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the fluid travel after passing through the firewall valve in the Metroliner fluid injection system?

    <p>To the engine inlet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers a cockpit indicator light to signal that a pump is operating in the Metroliner fluid injection system?

    <p>Pressure switch on the pumps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cockpit quantity indicator found on some aircraft models with the Metroliner fluid injection system?

    <p>To indicate fluid quantity in the tank</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is fluid supplied from the tank to the right hand side wing root area in the Metroliner fluid injection system?

    <p>Through a firewall valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of water/methanol injection systems over water injection systems?

    <p>Reduced need for refilling the injection system before each take-off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does water injection provide more engine performance increase compared to water/methanol injection?

    <p>Water injection systems prevent fuel from being added to the engine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenarios can the Metroliner aircraft's fluid injection system be operated?

    <p>Emergency mode for engine failure or continuous mode for performance augmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do fluid injection systems assist gas turbine engines during take-off?

    <p>By boosting engine power without increasing fuel flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of water/methanol injection systems despite not maximizing engine performance like water injection systems?

    <p>Reduced freezing issues compared to water injection systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does a gas turbine engine perform better with water injection than with methanol?

    <p>Methanol has a lower calorific value than water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of further throttle movement beyond the AB range in a gas turbine engine?

    <p>Variable area nozzle closes completely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a variable area nozzle being fully closed at maximum nonafterburning power affect the engine performance?

    <p>Reduces engine thrust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the afterburner system serves the purpose of igniting the fuel mixture?

    <p>AB flame retainers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenarios can a gas turbine engine benefit from fluid injection to augment thrust?

    <p>During take-off and emergency situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of afterburner screech liners in an aircraft engine?

    <p>Reducing noise levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why would a gas turbine engine perform better with water injection than with methanol?

    <p>Methanol has a lower combustion efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the power levers are advanced past flight idle in the Metroliner fluid injection system?

    <p>Fluid flows into the engine's spray manifold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the selector switch being in the ARM position indicate in the Metroliner fluid injection system?

    <p>Power supplied to the arming circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the pump indicating light in the cockpit to illuminate during operation of the Metroliner fluid injection system?

    <p>Fluid pressure reaching 30 PSI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the system ensure that flow ceases to an engine in the Metroliner fluid injection system?

    <p>If the engine develops less than 600 foot-pounds of torque</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the engine torque pressure switch in the Metroliner fluid injection system?

    <p>To sense engine torque pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what position does the selector switch need to be for electrical power to be removed from the pump and arming circuits in the Metroliner fluid injection system?

    <p>OFF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When will the control box open the firewall valves in the Metroliner fluid injection system?

    <p>When low torque is sensed by the torque switch in one engine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be met for fluid to be delivered to both engines in the Metroliner fluid injection system when the selector switch is in the CONT position?

    <p>Power levers forward of the flight idle gate and engine producing more than 600 foot-pounds of torque</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enables fluid injection to the remaining operating engine in the Metroliner fluid injection system?

    <p>Low torque sensed by a torque switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Metroliner fluid injection system, what conditions are needed for the control box to open the firewall valves?

    <p>Power levers forward of flight idle gate and low torque sensed by a torque switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers fluid delivery to both engines in the Metroliner fluid injection system when the selector switch is in the CONT position?

    <p>Power levers forward of flight idle gate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the firewall valve operation change in the Metroliner fluid injection system when fluid is supplied to both engines?

    <p>Both firewall valves close to prevent flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the engine torque pressure switch in the Metroliner fluid injection system?

    <p>To sense engine torque pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the pump indicating light in the cockpit to illuminate during operation of the Metroliner fluid injection system?

    <p>30 PSI fluid pressure buildup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Metroliner fluid injection system, what happens when the selector switch is set to OFF?

    <p>Tank quantity indicator stops functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates that the Metroliner fluid injection system is in ARM mode?

    <p>Cockpit ARM light illuminated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ensures that flow ceases to an engine in the Metroliner fluid injection system?

    <p>Engine developing more than 600 foot-pounds of torque</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to exhaust gas temperature during afterburning in aircraft engines?

    <p>It increases to around 1,700°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the duct pressure relatively constant during afterburner operation in aircraft engines?

    <p>To maintain back pressure on the main engine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component in an afterburner system supports combustion by creating recirculating gas patterns?

    <p>Flame retainer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of afterburner screech, what is the primary role of screech liners?

    <p>Absorbing and dampening pressure fluctuations and vibrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes a gas turbine engine to ignite the mixture in an afterburner system as per the text?

    <p>Spraying fuel into the flame area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of spray manifolds in an afterburner system?

    <p>Supplying fuel to the flame area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the diffuser play in an afterburner system based on the text?

    <p>Affecting engine airflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component's chemical reaction in an afterburner system generates sufficient heat to ignite the mixture?

    <p>Flame retainer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between hot shot ignition and spark ignition systems?

    <p>The method of fuel injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does catalytic ignition differ from hot shot and spark ignition methods?

    <p>It does not require an igniter plug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a hot shot ignition system, where does the flame from the combustion chamber travel after exiting the turbine?

    <p>To ignite the AB mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the igniter plug in a spark ignition system?

    <p>To ignite the main engine's fuel flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the operation of catalytic ignition systems differ from spark and hot shot ignition systems?

    <p>They do not ignite fuel streams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of ignition system does the igniter plug operate independently of the main engine's ignition system?

    <p>Spark ignition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of catalytic ignition in AB systems?

    <p>Ensure proper combustion at low temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of spray manifolds in AB systems?

    <p>Ensure even fuel distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component in an aircraft engine is responsible for ensuring normal engine operation during afterburner use?

    <p>Pressure ratio control unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the operation of the AB fuel pump and fuel control in aircraft engines?

    <p>Main engine fuel control signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the variable area nozzle on afterburning engines?

    <p>To minimize the propelling nozzle area during high power operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the variable area nozzle respond to afterburner (AB) selection?

    <p>By opening in stages based on the amount of AB selected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will happen to the pressure in the afterburner duct if the nozzles remain closed when AB is selected?

    <p>It will rise dramatically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a modern engine's variable area nozzle affect engine performance when fully closed at maximum non-afterburning power?

    <p>It does not affect engine performance significantly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the series of interlocking flaps in a variable area nozzle?

    <p>Actuators or rams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does the variable area nozzle contribute to engine efficiency during high power normal operation?

    <p>By minimizing propelling nozzle area to optimize performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for controlling the movement of the nozzle flap in aircraft engines?

    <p>Pressure ratio control unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the exhaust nozzle opened and closed in aircraft engines?

    <p>By hydraulic actuators powered by aerodynamic forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to an increase in exhaust area in aircraft engines?

    <p>Out of balance condition between hydraulic actuator load and gas load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the pressure ratio control unit restore balance in aircraft engines?

    <p>By altering exhaust nozzle area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the pressure ratio control unit in aircraft engines?

    <p>To restore balance between hydraulic actuator load and gas load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a two-position nozzle in an afterburning engine's exhaust system?

    <p>To control the rapidly expanding gas during afterburner operation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In aircraft engines, why does an out of balance condition between hydraulic actuator load and gas load lead to an increase in exhaust area?

    <p>To restore pressure ratio P3 / P6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates a two-position nozzle from a variable area nozzle in afterburning engines?

    <p>The two-position nozzle controls gas flow by fully opening or closing, while a variable area nozzle adjusts its diameter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are concave flaps or eyelids used in a two-position nozzle of an afterburning engine?

    <p>To control gas flow by opening or closing positions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a variable area nozzle in an afterburning engine?

    <p>To adjust the diameter to optimize engine performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do two-position nozzles differ from variable area nozzles in terms of operating mechanism?

    <p>Two-position nozzles have fixed positions, while variable area nozzles adjust their diameter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it critical to have precise control over the gas flow in an afterburning engine system?

    <p>To optimize engine performance during different operating conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a gas turbine engine benefit from afterburning?

    <p>To boost thrust for additional power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of moving the throttle beyond the AB range in a gas turbine engine?

    <p>May lead to engine damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does a fully closed variable area nozzle have on an afterburning engine during maximum nonafterburning power?

    <p>Reduces exhaust airflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial for the AB flame retainers to be present in afterburning engines?

    <p>To prevent flameout in the combustion chamber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary reason for using fuel injection to boost engine power during afterburning?

    <p>Enhance thrust output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the pressure ratio control unit in an afterburner system?

    <p>To ensure that pressure in the afterburner duct does not affect normal engine operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do AB systems use an additional engine fuel pump and fuel control?

    <p>To ensure large fuel flows required by afterburners are met</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the opening of the valve to allow fuel into the afterburner fuel pump inlet?

    <p>Fuel pressure signal from the main engine fuel control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an afterburner ignition system primarily ignite the fuel mixture?

    <p>Hot shot ignition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of spray manifolds in an afterburner system?

    <p>To distribute fuel evenly for combustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does the variable area exhaust nozzle contribute to afterburner operation?

    <p>By regulating pressure in the afterburner duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what position are the concave flaps of a two-position nozzle typically when the engine is operating without afterburner?

    <p>Fully closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the critical factor in controlling the rapidly expanding gas during afterburner operation?

    <p>Variable area nozzles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do concave flaps play in an afterburner system equipped with a two-position nozzle?

    <p>Modulate between fully closed and fully open positions</p> Signup and view all the answers

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