Visual System Quiz on Eye Anatomy

False (B)

cornea

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>optic chiasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>photoreceptor cells = convert light energy into electrical signals bipolar cells = transmit signals from photoreceptor to ganglion cells ganglion cells = generate action potentials that travel to the brain optic nerve = bundles of axons from ganglion cells optic chiasm = point where optic nerves cross over optic tracts = carry visual information from the chiasm to the brain visual cortex = processes visual information in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lacrimal glands secrete tears that lubricate the eye and protect it from foreign substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lateral Rectus Muscle = Abduction of the eye Medial Rectus Muscle = Adduction of the eye Superior Rectus Muscle = Upward movement of the eye Inferior Rectus Muscle = Downward movement of the eye Superior Oblique Muscle = Downward movement of eye Inferior Oblique Muscle = Upward movement of the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glutamate is a neurotransmitter that normally causes an excitatory response in the brain. However, bipolar cells have special ion channels that open in the presence of less glutamate, leading to depolarization and signal transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dim light (A), Distant vision (B), Emotional state (C), Close vision (D), Bright light (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pigmented layer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pigmented layer, the outer layer, absorbs stray light rays and has phagocytic function. The neural layer, the inner layer, processes visual information before sending it to the brain via the optic nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rhodopsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>detecting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rods = Color vision Cones = Dim light vision Bipolar cells = Transmit signals from photoreceptors to ganglion cells Ganglion cells = Send visual information to the brain Horizontal cells = Modulate signaling between photoreceptors and bipolar cells Amacrine cells = Modulate signaling between ganglion and bipolar cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photopsin IV (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Retinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ganglion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are inhibitory and release GABA upon depolarization. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gustation and Olfaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pinna</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cochlea = Transmits sound vibrations to the auditory cortex Semicircular canals = Balances the body during movement Eardrum = Vibrates in response to sound waves Ossicles = Conducts sound from the eardrum to the inner ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensorineural deafness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Separates the external ear from the middle ear and vibrates in response to sound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>endolymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vestibule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dynamic equilibrium is maintained by the movement of endolymph and stimulation of hair cells in the semicircular canals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pharyngotympanic tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Middle ear (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensorineural deafness = Caused by damage to hair cells or auditory nerve Conduction deafness = Occurs due to interference with sound transmission Temporary deafness = Often reversible and linked to environmental factors Presbycusis = Age-related hearing loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cells in the retina that detect light and cause hyperpolarization.

An electrical change in photoreceptors that prevents Ca channels from opening.

First-order neurons that depolarize when glutamate levels decrease.

Second-order neurons that generate action potentials after receiving excitatory signals from bipolar cells.

The point where optic nerves cross, allowing visual information to be integrated.

The system in the body responsible for processing visual information through the eye.

Components like eyebrows, eyelids, and eyelashes that protect and support the eye.

A muscle that abducts the eye, allowing it to move outward.

The central opening of the iris that controls light entering the eye.

The light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye that processes visual information.

The transparent protective layer covering the iris and pupil of the eye.

The transparent structure behind the iris that focuses light onto the retina.

The layer in the retina that processes visual data and sends signals to the brain.

Photoreceptors that help us see in dim light and are not color-sensitive.

Glial cells that modulate signaling between photoreceptors and bipolar cells.

Glial cells that modulate signaling between ganglion and bipolar cells.

The photopigment in rods that absorbs light and enables dim light vision.

Photopigments in cones that allow for color differentiation.

A condition caused by the lack of one or more types of cone photoreceptors.

Senses that detect chemicals; include taste and smell.

The sense of taste; detects dissolved substances in saliva.

The sense of smell; detects chemicals dissolved in nasal fluids.

Receptors located in fissures on the tongue, respond to taste stimuli.

Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami are the core taste types.

Taste is influenced 80% by smell; both senses interact.

Nerve responsible for taste sensations from front of the tongue.

Nerve responsible for taste sensations from the back of the tongue.

The ear comprises the outer, middle, and inner ear, each serving distinct functions.

Three small bones (malleus, incus, stapes) that transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear.

Spiral-shaped organ in the inner ear containing hair cells for hearing.

The ability to sense rotational movements; relies on receptors in semicircular canals.

The ability to sense head position and gravity; relies on receptors in the vestibule.

Includes the semicircular canals and vestibule to maintain balance.

Conflicting sensory inputs lead to discomfort; arises from mismatched vestibular and visual information.