Visual System and Eye Anatomy

<p>By altering the size of the aperture. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Snellen chart. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Retinal detachment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Headaches unrelated to vision. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To evaluate eye movement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiation therapy (A), Surgery (resection, enucleation) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endophthalmitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surgical removal of the eye (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Audiometry (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conductive hearing loss (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid imbalance in the inner ear (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Functional assessment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aggressive treatment to prevent vision loss (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerumen impaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased tear production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Painless vision loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wet (Exudative) AMD (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased outflow of aqueous humor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation of the uveal tract (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lowering blood pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peripheral vision extent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Astigmatism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20/200 vision in the better eye (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Difficulty seeing distant objects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Static perimetry (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic inflammatory granuloma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chlamydia trachomatis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can require the use of assistive devices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>H.pylori infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pernicious anemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fecal incontinence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extent of blockage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diverticulosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe and sudden pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presbycusis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initiating the clotting process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complete blood count (CBC) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tissue hypoxia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The formation of blood cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By carrying fluid from tissues to blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood transfusions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The space between the cornea and the iris, filled with aqueous humor.

The space between the iris and the lens, also filled with aqueous humor.

The large cavity behind the lens, filled with vitreous humor.

Measures the sharpness of vision using charts (Snellen chart for distance, and Jaeger cards).

Normal sharpness of vision at a standard distance.

The lens changes shape to focus on objects at varying distances

The opening in the iris that controls light entering the eye, by constricting or dilating.

Patient's past eye problems, surgeries, injuries, and family eye disease history.

A test that measures the extent of a person's peripheral vision by having them look at a grid.

The loss of peripheral vision due to conditions like glaucoma, stroke, or other neurological issues.

A vision problem where light doesn't focus properly on the retina, causing blurred vision.

Difficulty seeing distant objects clearly, but near vision remains normal.

Difficulty seeing close objects clearly, while distant vision is better.

Age-related difficulty focusing on near objects, causing the need for reading glasses.

An irregularly shaped cornea causes blurry vision at all distances.

Significant vision impairment that cannot be corrected with glasses or contacts.

Inflammation of the vitreous cavity, the space behind the lens filled with gel-like fluid.

Growths within the eye, which can be benign (non-cancerous) or cancerous.

Surgical removal of the entire eye.

Hearing loss caused by problems in the outer ear (ear canal) or middle ear (eardrum and tiny bones).

Hearing loss due to issues in the inner ear (cochlea and hair cells) or the auditory nerve.

Age-related hearing loss, often affecting higher frequencies like speech.

Ringing or buzzing sound in the ears, even when there is no external source.

A test that measures hearing ability at different frequencies and sound levels.

Inflammation or infection of the cornea (the clear front part of the eye). Can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Requires aggressive treatment to prevent vision loss.

A condition caused by decreased tear production, leading to dryness and discomfort in the eyes.

Misalignment of the eyes, causing them to point in different directions. Also known as 'crossed eyes' or 'wall eyes'.

Opacity of the lens, causing blurred vision, abnormal color perception, and glare. Requires surgical removal to restore vision.

Damage to the blood vessels in the retina, often caused by diabetes and high blood pressure. Can lead to vision loss.

Separation of the retina from the underlying layer of the eye. Can cause light flashes, floaters, and vision loss.

Major cause of irreversible central vision loss in older adults. Can be 'dry' (slow vision loss) or 'wet' (rapid vision loss) types.

A group of eye disorders characterized by increased pressure inside the eye, damaging the optic nerve and causing peripheral vision loss.

The study of blood and blood-forming tissues like bone marrow, spleen, and lymph system.

The process of blood cell production, primarily in bone marrow.

Transportation (oxygen, nutrients, waste), regulation (temperature, pH), and protection (immune cells, clotting).

Plasma is the liquid portion, while blood cells include erythrocytes (RBCs), leukocytes (WBCs), and thrombocytes (platelets).

Carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs.

Granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes each have specific immune functions.

Platelets initiate blood clotting to stop bleeding.

Hematopoiesis, filtration of blood, immune function, and storage of blood cells.

A condition where the lining of the stomach or duodenum is eroded, often caused by H. pylori infection.

Treatment for PUD involves antibiotics (H. pylori), proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), H2-receptor blockers, and lifestyle changes.

Cancer that develops in the stomach lining, often spreading without initial symptoms.

Complications after stomach surgery (gastrectomy, vagotomy, pyloroplasty) can include dumping syndrome (rapid food emptying) and pernicious anemia (vitamin B12 deficiency).

Frequent loose stools, often caused by infections or other factors. Treatment focuses on fluid and electrolyte balance.

Involuntary passage of stool, often caused by weakened pelvic floor muscles or nerve damage.

Inflammation of the appendix, a small pouch attached to the colon. Can cause severe abdominal pain.

Impaired nutrient absorption due to enzyme deficiencies, mucosal damage, or lymphatic/vascular issues.