65 Questions
Where do the fibers from the optic tract synapse with LGN?
In the thalamus
Which structure serves as a relay station for optic tract fibers?
LGN
How is the left visual field represented in the brain?
By the right optic tract and LGN
Which fibers carry visual information from the contralateral visual field?
Optic radiation
What happens in the LGN in terms of optic tract fibers?
Synapse with LGN before projecting into the visual field
Which type of optic radiation carries information from the superior visual field?
Lower optic radiation
Where is Meyer's loop located as it carries visual information?
Around the temporal horn of lateral ventricle
Which artery supplies blood to the optic radiation?
Middle cerebral artery
Through which structure does the upper optic radiation pass to reach the visual cortex?
Parietal lobe
Where does the lower optic radiation pass through before reaching the primary visual cortex?
Inferior bank of calcarine sulcus
What type of visual field deficit would occur if there is a lesion in the temporal lobe and optic radiation?
Contralateral Superior Quadrantanopia
Which type of lesion causes visual deficit on the contralateral side of the lesion - Contralateral Inferior Quadrantanopia?
Lesion in the middle cerebral artery occlusion
What visual field defect results from a lesion in the lower bank of the calcarine fissure?
Contralateral Inferior Quadrantanopia
If there is damage to the right lower optic radiations, what visual field defect would you expect?
Upper left quadrantanopia
What type of lesion leads to not being able to see what's on the lower left?
Tumor in occipital or temporal lobe
What is the primary reason that rods are responsible for night vision?
They have high sensitivity to light.
Why are rods unable to distinguish different wavelengths of light?
They are monochromatic photoreceptors.
In which lighting condition do cones play a significant role in vision?
More than moonlight
What is the main function of the vascular layer of the eye (choroid)?
Absorbs light and converts it into electrical signals.
Which part of the retina has the highest density of rods?
'Away from the center of fovea'
What type of visual deficit is associated with a lesion in the occipital cortex/primary visual cortex?
Contralateral Homonymous Hemianopia
Which artery is typically involved in causing Contralateral Homonymous Hemianopia with macular sparing?
Middle Cerebral Artery
What is the significance of macular sparing in cases of visual impairment?
Central vision loss
Which area of the occipital lobe is responsible for processing visual information from the macula?
Calcarine Sulcus
What type of vision loss is associated with damage to the upper and lower bank of the calcarine fissure?
Homonymous Hemianopia
What does macular degeneration typically result in?
Central vision loss
Which is the area with the highest concentration of light receptors in the eye?
Macula
What does the term 'Scintillation' refer to in relation to vision?
Flickering in the visual field
Where are red and green cones predominantly located in the eye?
Fovea centralis
Which cone type has the highest sensitivity and is located outside of the fovea centralis?
Blue
What is the most common type of color blindness?
Inability to differentiate between red and green
Which eye condition involves having two different eye colors?
Heterochromia
What is the term for a visual impairment condition where pupils have two different diameters?
Anisocoria
Which syndrome involves a constricted pupil and dry eye due to sympathetic innervation interruption?
Horner syndrome
What is the primary cause of color blindness (Achromatopsia)?
X chromosome mutation
'Trichromatic' vision refers to the cones' sensitivity to which colors based on wavelength?
Red, blue, green
What type of vision loss is associated with a lesion in the upper bank of the calcarine fissure?
Superior quadrantanopia
Which artery primarily supplies blood to the calcarine sulcus?
Posterior cerebral artery
What type of vision loss would occur if there is a lesion in the primary visual cortex?
Central scotoma
Which area of the occipital lobe contains the macula, the region with the most numerous visual receptors?
Occipital pole
In case of macular sparing, what part of the vision field remains unaffected?
Central vision
What type of vision loss would someone experience if the upper and lower banks of the calcarine fissure are both damaged?
Homonymous hemianopia
What happens when there is damage to the fibers carrying visual information from one area to the primary visual cortex?
Complete blindness
'Scotoma' refers to which visual phenomenon?
'Central blind spot'
What is the main function of Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) in the eye?
Maintain the blood retinal barrier
Which cells serve as a bridge between photoreceptors and the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus?
Ganglion Cells
Why is it crucial for Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) to be firmly attached to the choroid?
To prevent retinal detachment
Which layer of the retina is responsible for the transmission of visual messages?
Ganglion Cells
What is the primary role of Neural Retina in vision?
Convey visual messages to the brain
Which layer of the retina is most superficial and first to come in contact with light?
Ganglion Cells
What is the significance of the tight junctions between Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) cells?
Enable transport between choroidal capillaries and neural retina
Which embryonic layer gives rise to the sclera and choroid in the eye?
Neural Crest Cells
What is the origin of the optic nerve and retina?
Neuroectoderm
Which part of the eye is NOT derived from Mesoderm?
Cornea
Where is the macula lutea located in the eye?
Lateral visual field
Which structure is responsible for providing myelination to the optic nerve?
Oligodendrocytes
What happens if there is edema in the area of the central artery of the retina?
Compression of arteries and veins leading to ischemia
'Papilledema' results from:
Abnormal increase in CSF pressure near the optic nerve
'Fundus' refers to which part of the eye?
'Back' of the eye
A lesion in the inferior radiation or Meyer's loop is associated with which visual field defect?
Contralateral Inferior Quadrantanopia
What is the visual field deficit when there is damage to the right lower optic radiations?
Contralateral Inferior Quadrantanopia
Where is the lesion typically located to cause a visual deficit on the contralateral side of the lesion known as Contralateral Superior Quadrantanopia?
Temporal lobe and optic radiation
Which visual field defect arises from a lesion in the lower bank of the calcarine fissure?
Binasal hemianopia
Why would a tumor in the occipital or temporal lobe lead to difficulty seeing what's on the upper left?
Damage to the right upper radiations
Which area of the brain would be affected by a lesion leading to Contralateral Inferior Quadrantanopia?
Parietal lobe and optic radiation
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the visual pathway, including structures like the Right Temporal Fiber, Right Optic Tract, and Meyer's loop. Learn about how visual information is carried from the optic radiation to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe.
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