Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following structures is NOT part of the central nervous system component of the optic pathway?
Which of the following structures is NOT part of the central nervous system component of the optic pathway?
- Optic nerve (correct)
- Optic chiasm
- Striate cortex
- Lateral geniculate bodies
Nerve fibers from which portion of the retina cross the midline at the optic chiasm?
Nerve fibers from which portion of the retina cross the midline at the optic chiasm?
- Temporal
- Nasal (correct)
- Inferior
- Superior
Where do nerve fibers from the temporal half of the retina project?
Where do nerve fibers from the temporal half of the retina project?
- They terminate in the optic chiasm
- To the contralateral side of the brain
- To both sides of the brain
- To the ipsilateral side of the brain (correct)
After the crossover in the optic chiasm, where is visual information from the right visual field primarily conveyed?
After the crossover in the optic chiasm, where is visual information from the right visual field primarily conveyed?
Where do light rays from the temporal half of the visual field fall on the retina?
Where do light rays from the temporal half of the visual field fall on the retina?
The normal visual field of a single eye spans approximately how many degrees?
The normal visual field of a single eye spans approximately how many degrees?
A lesion in the right optic nerve anterior to the optic chiasm will likely result in which visual field defect?
A lesion in the right optic nerve anterior to the optic chiasm will likely result in which visual field defect?
Damage to what location of the visual pathway would cause a bitemporal hemianopia?
Damage to what location of the visual pathway would cause a bitemporal hemianopia?
What term describes an area of partial alteration in the visual field with diminished or degenerated visual acuity?
What term describes an area of partial alteration in the visual field with diminished or degenerated visual acuity?
What is the MOST likely visual field defect if a patient injures Meyer's loop on the RIGHT side?
What is the MOST likely visual field defect if a patient injures Meyer's loop on the RIGHT side?
According to visual field rules, if a patient is found to have visual field defects in both eyes, what does this suggest?
According to visual field rules, if a patient is found to have visual field defects in both eyes, what does this suggest?
A patient presents with a dark spot in the center of their field of vision. How is this type of scotoma classified?
A patient presents with a dark spot in the center of their field of vision. How is this type of scotoma classified?
What is indicated by a cecocentral scotoma?
What is indicated by a cecocentral scotoma?
After damage to the optic radiations, what type of visual field defect can be expected?
After damage to the optic radiations, what type of visual field defect can be expected?
What is the definition of Primary visual areas?
What is the definition of Primary visual areas?
Which condition is most associated with nerve fiber bundle defects that can cause an arcuate scotoma on visual field testing??
Which condition is most associated with nerve fiber bundle defects that can cause an arcuate scotoma on visual field testing??
If a patient has a lesion posterior to the optic chiasm that affects the inferior fibers, what type of visual field defect would MOST likely result?
If a patient has a lesion posterior to the optic chiasm that affects the inferior fibers, what type of visual field defect would MOST likely result?
Which of the following visual field defects is MOST indicative of a lesion affecting the optic chiasm?
Which of the following visual field defects is MOST indicative of a lesion affecting the optic chiasm?
In homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing, which area of the brain is most likely affected?
In homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing, which area of the brain is most likely affected?
A patient exhibits a visual field defect characterized by a loss of vision in the same half of the visual field in both eyes. What is the MOST appropriate term for this condition?
A patient exhibits a visual field defect characterized by a loss of vision in the same half of the visual field in both eyes. What is the MOST appropriate term for this condition?
What is the MOST likely cause of visual field defects that respect the vertical midline?
What is the MOST likely cause of visual field defects that respect the vertical midline?
Superior retinal fibers remain so along all the system
Superior retinal fibers remain so along all the system
Inferior retinal nerve fibers cross at the optic chiasm
Inferior retinal nerve fibers cross at the optic chiasm
A 20-year-old female presents with progressive visual loss, menstrual irregularities, and galactorrhea. What is the most likely location of the lesion?
A 20-year-old female presents with progressive visual loss, menstrual irregularities, and galactorrhea. What is the most likely location of the lesion?
A 54-year-old male develops acalculia, left-to-right disorientation, dysgraphia, and finger agnosia. Where is the most suitable place for a lesion?
A 54-year-old male develops acalculia, left-to-right disorientation, dysgraphia, and finger agnosia. Where is the most suitable place for a lesion?
A 76-year-old female experiences a sudden headache and vision loss in the left eye. Visual acuity is 20/20 OD & OS. The visual fields performed are as shown in the image on the slide. Where is the lesion most likely located?
A 76-year-old female experiences a sudden headache and vision loss in the left eye. Visual acuity is 20/20 OD & OS. The visual fields performed are as shown in the image on the slide. Where is the lesion most likely located?
Which of the following is typically associated with lesions within the optic nerve?
Which of the following is typically associated with lesions within the optic nerve?
Which of the following is typically associated with lesions within the chiasmal or retrochiasmal lesions?
Which of the following is typically associated with lesions within the chiasmal or retrochiasmal lesions?
An 8-year-old girl with 20/200 vision displays bilateral cecocentral scotomas on the visual field test. Where is the lesion located?
An 8-year-old girl with 20/200 vision displays bilateral cecocentral scotomas on the visual field test. Where is the lesion located?
A 54 yr. Old male is found to have increased intraocular pressure. Which visual filed is compatible with the diagnosis of glaucoma?
A 54 yr. Old male is found to have increased intraocular pressure. Which visual filed is compatible with the diagnosis of glaucoma?
A patient has a complete lesion of the right optic tract close to the LGN. What is the expected visual field defect?
A patient has a complete lesion of the right optic tract close to the LGN. What is the expected visual field defect?
A patient reports the sudden loss of vision in all but their right eye's nasal field. Where is the lesion?
A patient reports the sudden loss of vision in all but their right eye's nasal field. Where is the lesion?
Damage to what location of the visual pathway would cause a left homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing?
Damage to what location of the visual pathway would cause a left homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing?
What is the most common initial visual field defect associated with glaucoma?
What is the most common initial visual field defect associated with glaucoma?
Which vascular structure, when infarcted, would most likely cause homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing?
Which vascular structure, when infarcted, would most likely cause homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing?
What is the most common defect from a pituitary tumor?
What is the most common defect from a pituitary tumor?
Which of the following best describes the concept of 'macular sparing' in visual field defects?
Which of the following best describes the concept of 'macular sparing' in visual field defects?
A patient with a lesion affecting the optic radiations would MOST likely exhibit which visual field deficit?
A patient with a lesion affecting the optic radiations would MOST likely exhibit which visual field deficit?
Which of the following symptoms would MOST suggest involvement of the parietal lobe in a patient with a visual field defect?
Which of the following symptoms would MOST suggest involvement of the parietal lobe in a patient with a visual field defect?
Lesions of the optic nerve results in which of the following visual defects
Lesions of the optic nerve results in which of the following visual defects
Flashcards
Optic Pathway function
Optic Pathway function
The optic pathway describes the journey of nerve impulses from the retina to the occipital cortex, enabling sight or visual perception.
Components of Optic Pathway
Components of Optic Pathway
The retina, optic nerve, chiasm & tracts, lateral geniculate bodies, optic radiation, and visual (striate) cortex make up the optic pathway.
Nasal Retinal Fiber Crossing
Nasal Retinal Fiber Crossing
Nerve fibers from the nasal half of each retina cross the midline at the optic chiasm and enter the optic tract on the opposite side.
Temporal Retinal Fibers
Temporal Retinal Fibers
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Visual Field to Retina (Temporal)
Visual Field to Retina (Temporal)
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Visual Field to Retina (Nasal)
Visual Field to Retina (Nasal)
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Visual Field Brain Processing
Visual Field Brain Processing
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Scotoma Defined
Scotoma Defined
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Central Scotoma
Central Scotoma
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Cecocentral Scotoma
Cecocentral Scotoma
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Paracentral Scotoma
Paracentral Scotoma
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Retinal Fiber Rule
Retinal Fiber Rule
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Optic Nerve Lesion Rule
Optic Nerve Lesion Rule
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Chiasmal/Retrochiasmal Lesion Rule
Chiasmal/Retrochiasmal Lesion Rule
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Retrochiasmal Lesion Effect
Retrochiasmal Lesion Effect
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Temporal Lobe Lesion Impact
Temporal Lobe Lesion Impact
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Occipital Lobe Impact
Occipital Lobe Impact
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Glaucoma
Glaucoma
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Study Notes
Overview of the Visual System
- The optic pathway facilitates sight and visual perception.
- This pathway transmits nerve impulses from the retina to the occipital cortex.
- Key components include the retina, optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tracts, lateral geniculate bodies, optic radiation, and the visual (striate) cortex.
- All the structures are considered part of the central nervous system
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer
- Axons from the papillomacular bundle are within this layer
Anatomy of Nerve Fibers
- Nerve fibers from the nasal half of each retina cross the midline.
- They then enter the optic tract on the opposite side.
- Nerve fibers from the temporal half of the retina stay on the same side.
- Does not cross the midline
Visual Fields and Light
- Light rays from the temporal half of the visual field project to the nasal half of the retina.
- Light rays from the nasal half of the visual field project to the temporal half of the retina.
- After crossing at the chiasm, information from the right visual field goes to the left side of the brain.
- Information from the left visual field goes to the right side of the brain
Visual Field Rules
- Superior retina fibers remain superior throughout the visual system
- Inferior retina fibers remain inferior throughout the visual system
- Optic nerve lesions cause ipsilateral visual field defects.
- Chiasmal or retrochiasmal lesions result in visual field defects in both eyes.
Scotomas
- Scotoma is an area of partial alteration in the visual field, with diminished acuity, surrounded by normal vision.
- Central scotoma is a dark spot in the center of vision, with the remaining field normal.
- Cecocentral scotoma involves the optic disc (blind spot) and papillomacular fibers.
- Paracentral scotoma occurs near, but not in, the central visual field.
Homonymous Hemianopsia:
- Optic Tract: 3% Incidence
- LG Body: 1% Incidence
- Temporal Lobe: 24% Incidence, 9:1 Tumor/Vascular Ratio
- Parietal Lobe: 33% Incidence, 1:1 Tumor/Vascular Ratio
- Occipital Lobe: 39% Incidence, 1:3 Tumor/Vascular Ratio
Occipital Lobe Lesions
- Lesions induce homonymous congruent visual defects.
- Can cause congruous homonymous hemianopsia.
- Can cause homonymous hemianopic scotomas.
- Can cause macular sparing, temporal crescent syndrome, cortical blindness, and homonymous altitudinal defects.
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