26 Questions
What are the major neurotropic viruses in companion animals?
Rabies virus, Canine distemper virus, Canine herpes virus, Feline infectious peritonitis virus, Feline immunodeficiency virus, Feline leukemia virus, Feline panleukopenia virus, Equine herpes virus 1, West Nile virus, Equine Togaviruses, Equine infectious anemia viruses
What clinical signs can be seen in a puppy infected with Canine herpes virus?
Encephalitis in puppies less than 6 weeks of age
What is the clinical presentation of a cat infected with Feline panleukopenia virus?
Cerebellar hypoplasia
Which virus is associated with myelitis in cats?
Feline leukemia virus
What are some of the clinical signs seen in horses infected with Equine herpes virus 1?
Clinical signs include ataxia, occasional seizures, and behavioral changes.
What diagnostic tests can be used to differentiate between infection and clinical disease in neurotropic virus cases?
Organism ID without lesions indicates infection, while Organism ID with lesions and clinical signs indicates clinical disease.
What is the tropism of Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV)?
Macrophages
What is the primary mode of transmission of Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus?
Ingestion or inhalation
What is the clinical presentation of the wet form of Feline infectious peritonitis?
Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen, thorax, and lateral ventricles
How is Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) primarily transmitted?
Bites
What is a common clinical sign of FIV infection in cats?
Gingivitis and stomatitis
What is the common method of diagnosis for Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)?
ELISA for antibody or PCR for viral RNA using blood
What is the neurologic form associated with Equine Herpesvirus 1 (EHV1)?
Equine Herpes Myeloencephalopathy
How is West Nile Virus primarily transmitted to horses?
Mosquito-borne
What is the mortality rate of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) in horses?
70-90%
How is the diagnosis of arboviral encephalitides typically confirmed in horses?
IgM ELISA on serum and PCR or IHC on brain and spinal cord post-mortem
What virus infects many cell types, including epithelial, lymphoid, and oligodendroglial cells, and causes generalized infection?
Canine Distemper Virus
How is the Canine Distemper Virus carried to the CNS following infection?
By infected lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets
What is the clinical significance of lymphoplasmacytic perivascular cuffing in Canine Distemper Virus infection?
It indicates inflammation in the brain
What is the typical outcome of acute Canine Distemper Virus disease?
Recovery and lifelong immunity or neurologic disease and death
How can Canine Distemper Virus infection be diagnosed?
By PCR or virus isolation
Which virus infects the nervous system of all mammals, including humans, and is invariably fatal?
Rabies virus
What is the main method of transmission of the Rabies virus?
Contact with saliva from an infected animal
What is the incubation period of the Rabies virus?
Up to 6 months
How is the Rabies virus diagnosed?
Post-mortem only by demonstration of viral antigens in the brain
What is the differential diagnosis for a 2-month-old cat presenting with depression and lethargy with localized neurologic signs?
Rabies virus, Feline infectious peritonitis virus, Feline immunodeficiency virus
Test your knowledge on neurotropic viruses affecting companion and food producing animals. Learn about the pathogenesis, clinical signs, and diagnostic tests for major neurotropic viruses. Explore how to construct a differential diagnosis list for these pathogens.
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