Virus Transmission Mechanisms Quiz
25 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

True or false: Aphids are responsible for the transmission of 50% of insect-vectored viruses?

True

True or false: Aphids cause irrevocable damage to plant cells while delivering virions?

False

True or false: Aphid populations can increase at extraordinarily high rates due to sexual reproduction?

False

True or false: There are more than 200 identified aphid vector species, which is likely an overestimate?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Most plant viruses are the result of a coevolution of virus and vector?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Noncirculative viruses are primarily associated with the aphid's mouthparts and foregut.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The majority of aphid-vectored plant viruses are transmitted noncirculatively.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nonpersistent transmission is characterized by long acquisition and inoculation times.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Potato virus Y requires the helper component (HC) protein alone for transmission.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Semipersistent transmission occurs when virions are retained in the vector for shorter periods.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

CP translational readthrough protein binds symbionin, a protein homologue of the Escherichia coli chaperonin GroEL that is produced by the aphid endosymbiotic bacteria Buchnera spp.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Symbionin plays a role in vector specificity by binding luteoviruses of both vector and nonvector aphids

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Umbraviruses are mechanically transmissible and encode a CP for aphid transmission

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Circulative propagative plant viruses can be transmitted to offspring through a transovarial route in aphids

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Potyviridae contains the most potyviruses among aphid-transmitted plant viruses.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Virus-encoded determinants for transmission have been identified in all plant rhabdoviruses

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alfamovirus and Cucumovirus have many species with narrow host ranges.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aphids primarily belong to the subfamily Aphidinae.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Feeding behavior and host plant selection of aphids do not influence their potential as virus vectors.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Understanding aphid transmission is not essential for the epidemiology of viral plant diseases.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Semipersistently transmitted viruses are only transmitted by aphids and not by other insects.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) employs a helper-dependent transmission strategy.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Semipersistently transmitted viruses require longer acquisition and retention periods compared to circulatively transmitted viruses.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Helper complementation (HC-transcomplementation) is not observed in families of plant viruses.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The CP is the primary determinant of transmission for circulatively, nonpropagatively vectored viruses and plays a role in vector specificity.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

  • Semipersistent viruses are transmitted through aphids, with acquisition occurring within minutes to hours, and the efficiency increasing with prolonged feeding.
  • Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) is a member of the genus Caulimovirus that employs a helper-dependent transmission strategy.
  • CaMV requires two non-structural proteins, P2 and P3, for transmission. P2 and P3 form a complex, with P2 binding to the aphid and P3 binding to virions.
  • Aphids may first acquire P2 from infected mesophyll cells and subsequently take up P3–virion complexes from other cells.
  • P2 binds to microtubules in vivo, but the implications for transmission are not known.
  • Helper complementation (HC-transcomplementation) is a phenomenon observed in some families of plant viruses, where one virus assists in the transmission of a second virus.
  • Semipersistently transmitted viruses can be found in three other genera: Sequivirus (Parsnip yellow fleck virus), Waikavirus (Anthriscus yellows virus), and Closteroviridae (whitefly-transmitted Lettuce infectious yellows virus).
  • Whiteflies and leafhoppers are additional insects that transmit semipersistently transmitted viruses.
  • Circulatively transmitted viruses require longer acquisition and retention periods, attributed to their phloem-limited nature and extensive passage through the aphid.
  • Circulatively transmitted viruses are either nonpropagative or propagative in the aphid.
  • Aphids remain viruliferous for extended periods.
  • Vector specificity, i.e., transmission by specific aphid species, is a prominent feature of circulatively transmitted viruses.
  • The CP is the primary determinant of transmission for circulatively, nonpropagatively vectored viruses and plays a role in vector specificity.
  • In Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and related luteoviruses, the CP determines vector specificity through a phenomenon known as transcapsidation and genomic masking.
  • A second minor structural protein, a CP translational readthrough protein, is required for aphid transmission and may play a role in vector specificity for circulatively, nonpropagatively transmitted viruses.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

Test your knowledge about the fundamental distinction of virus transmission mechanisms, including circulation and retention of virions within the vector. Explore how viruses are transported within the vector and ultimately exit the host.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser