Ebola Virus: Reservoir Host and Transmission

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What was the primary cause of human-to-human transmission during early Ebola outbreaks?

Close contact with infected blood and reuse of contaminated needles (correct)

Contaminated food and water

Aerosolized transmission through droplets in the air

Close contact with infected animals

What is likely to be the role of African fruit bats in the spread of Ebola virus?

They are the primary source of human infection

They are involved in the spread and might be the reservoir host (correct)

They are not capable of transmitting the virus

They are only carriers of the virus but not infected themselves

How did the Reston ebolavirus spread in the research facility in the US?

Through infected food and water

Through close contact with infected animals

Through aerosolized transmission in the air (correct)

Through contaminated needles and syringes

What is unique about the Ebola virus reservoir host animal?

It does not experience acute illness despite the virus being present Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the most recently detected Ebola virus found in samples from bats in Sierra Leone?

Bombali virus Signup and view all the answers

What was the reported use of syringes by nurses during the first outbreak in Zaire?

Five syringes for 300 to 600 patients a day Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated case fatality rate of EVD?

Up to 90% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way Ebola virus is transmitted from human to human?

Through direct contact with body fluids Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate duration of EVD?

Two weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the only known natural reservoir of Ebola virus?

Fruit bats Signup and view all the answers

Why are people handling animals and giving care to patients with EVD more vulnerable to infection?

They are more likely to have direct contact with body fluids Signup and view all the answers

What is the incubation period of EVD?

3 – 12 days Signup and view all the answers

What led to the spread of the Ebola virus according to the text?

Population growth, encroachment into forested areas, and direct interaction with wildlife Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of gorillas and chimpanzees in Ebola outbreaks?

They are 'dead-end' hosts, meaning they die following the infection Signup and view all the answers

What was the geographical scope of the majority of Ebola cases and outbreaks?

Pan-African, with cases reported in multiple African countries Signup and view all the answers

What was the duration of the 2014-2016 Ebola outbreak in West Africa?

Years Signup and view all the answers

What did scientists study in search of the Ebola virus source?

Thousands of animals, insects, and plants Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the two outbreaks in 1976?

They were caused by two genetically distinct viruses Signup and view all the answers

Ebola Virus: Reservoir Host and Transmission

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