Virus Replication: Genome Classification and Replication Steps

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What is the classification property of a virus genome?

Method of replication

Genetic material (DNA or RNA) (correct)

Type of host cell

Number of strands

How do orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses attach to cells during adsorption?

Through the viral genome

Via nuclear membrane fusion

Through receptor-mediated endocytosis

By glycoprotein spikes (correct)

Which type of DNA virus can exist in a circular form?

Single-stranded linear

Double-stranded circular (correct)

Double-stranded linear

Single-stranded circular

What process often follows penetration in viral replication?

Uncoating Signup and view all the answers

Why do viral populations not grow through cell division?

They use host cell machinery for replication Signup and view all the answers

What type of inclusion bodies are typically seen in cells infected with herpesvirus?

Nuclear inclusion bodies Signup and view all the answers

During viral replication, where do virions enter the host cell through?

Receptor-mediated endocytosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic significance of the presence of inclusion bodies in viral infections?

Inclusion bodies are only found in some viral infections and can aid diagnosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the Negri body?

The Negri body is pathognomonic for rabies virus infection Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about varicella (chickenpox)?

Varicella is a mild, highly contagious disease primarily affecting children Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the cytopathology of herpesviruses?

Herpesviruses cause the formation of multinucleated giant cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the diagnostic significance of inclusion bodies in viral infections?

Inclusion bodies can be useful for the diagnosis of some viral infections, but their presence is not always specific Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is characterized by a rash limited to the skin innervated by a single sensory ganglion?

Zoster (shingles) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reactivated form of an earlier varicella infection?

Shingles (Zoster) Signup and view all the answers

Which virus causes chickenpox in childhood and shingles later in life?

Varicella-Zoster virus Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest genome of all herpes viruses?

Cytomegalovirus Signup and view all the answers

Which virus has transformation of B cells as one of its associated diseases?

Epstein-Barr virus Signup and view all the answers

Which virus can only replicate in human cells and form multinucleated cells with staining inclusions?

Cytomegalovirus Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate range of the replication cycle length for herpesviruses?

18 to 70 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way herpesviruses evade the immune system?

Inhibiting the production of antibodies against the virus Signup and view all the answers

What stimuli can reactivate the virus from its latent state?

Axonal injury, fever, physical or emotional stress, and exposure to ultraviolet light Signup and view all the answers

After reactivation, where does the virus replicate?

At the skin or mucous membranes Signup and view all the answers

What is true about recurrent herpesvirus infections, even in the presence of host immunity?

They are less extensive and less severe than primary infections Signup and view all the answers

What is a common manifestation of recurrent HSV-1 infection?

Cold sores (fever blisters) near the lip Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the herpesvirus entry into host cells is correct?

The virus binds to specific cellular receptors via envelope glycoproteins and fuses with the cell membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cellular RNA polymerase II in the herpesvirus replication cycle?

It transcribes the viral DNA throughout the replication cycle with the help of viral factors. Signup and view all the answers

Which step in the herpesvirus replication cycle involves the formation of a circular DNA molecule?

Release of viral DNA from the capsid upon entry into the host cell nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step in the herpesvirus replication cycle before the release of new virus particles?

Transport of nucleocapsids to the cell surface through vesicular movement. Signup and view all the answers

Which herpesvirus is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma, a type of cancer?

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV-8) Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is primarily targeted by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)?

Monocytes and lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers