30 Questions
During viral replication, where does DNA replication typically occur?
Host cell nucleus
What is the primary method of release for enveloped viruses?
Budding
Which phase of the infectious cycle involves attachment to host cells?
Penetration
What is the main feature of the eclipse period in a one-step growth curve?
Infectious virus yield variation
Where does RNA replication take place in the context of viral replication?
Host cell cytoplasm
How does the release of naked viruses typically occur?
Passive cell lysis
Which process involves RNA synthesis in viral replication?
Transcription
Where does genome replication occur for DNA viruses?
Nucleus
What type of genes are transcribed before DNA replication begins in DNA viruses?
Early genes
What is the primary function of late genes in DNA virus replication?
Virion structure formation
How does the size of a viral genome impact its dependence on the host cell for replication functions?
Smaller genomes depend more on host cells
What is the role of early proteins in DNA virus replication?
Genome replication
What is the end product of transcription in the context of viral replication?
Late mRNA
Which type of RNA viruses replicates via a complementary (+) strand intermediate?
Type I RNA viruses with single-stranded genome of (+) polarity
What is the primary function of late proteins in viral replication?
Assemble the virus capsid
How do RNA viruses with a genome of (–) polarity replicate?
Replicate via a complementary (+) strand intermediate
Which feature is unique to viruses with a dsRNA genome?
Replicate using host cell RNA polymerase
What is the role of viral proteins in favor of virus production and genome replication?
Ensure replication of viral genome
What is a characteristic that distinguishes Influenza A type H5N1 from types H1N1 and H3N2?
More severe disease in humans
What can result in a shorter incubation period for a viral infection?
A larger dose of virus
Which characteristic best describes latent infection?
Integration into host chromosome
What can cause the reactivation of a latent viral infection?
A eukaryotic host cell entering another cell cycle phase
Which outcome is associated with abortive infections?
No virus progeny produced
What happens in productive infections where progeny are released with no host damage?
Produces progeny without harming the host cell
What are perforins released by NK cells responsible for?
Inducing apoptosis in virus-infected cells
How does the presence of HIV particles in the blood affect NK cells' activities?
Reduces their efficiency in killing virus-infected cells
Which lymphocytes develop in the thymus?
T lymphocytes
What triggers the specific immune response in adaptive immunity against viral infections?
Binding of epitope to specific receptors on lymphocytes
What is the function of antibodies synthesized by plasma cells?
Coat both virions and virus-infected cells for destruction
How are perforins and antibodies different in their action against viruses?
Perforins induce apoptosis, while antibodies coat viruses for destruction
Test your knowledge on the different steps of viral replication cycles, including the packaging of the genome into virus particles, genome replication, assembly, and release of viruses. Learn about DNA replication in the host cell nucleus and RNA replication in the cytoplasm by viral enzymes.
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