Viral Replication Steps Quiz

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During viral replication, where does DNA replication typically occur?

Viral nucleocapsids

Enveloped viruses

Host cell nucleus (correct)

Host cell cytoplasm

What is the primary method of release for enveloped viruses?

Budding (correct)

Passive disintegration of dying cells

Nucleocapsid assembly

Lysis of host cells

Which phase of the infectious cycle involves attachment to host cells?

Uncoating

Transcription

Release

Penetration (correct)

What is the main feature of the eclipse period in a one-step growth curve?

Infectious virus yield variation Signup and view all the answers

Where does RNA replication take place in the context of viral replication?

Host cell cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

How does the release of naked viruses typically occur?

Passive cell lysis Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves RNA synthesis in viral replication?

Transcription Signup and view all the answers

Where does genome replication occur for DNA viruses?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What type of genes are transcribed before DNA replication begins in DNA viruses?

Early genes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of late genes in DNA virus replication?

Virion structure formation Signup and view all the answers

How does the size of a viral genome impact its dependence on the host cell for replication functions?

Smaller genomes depend more on host cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of early proteins in DNA virus replication?

Genome replication Signup and view all the answers

What is the end product of transcription in the context of viral replication?

Late mRNA Signup and view all the answers

Which type of RNA viruses replicates via a complementary (+) strand intermediate?

Type I RNA viruses with single-stranded genome of (+) polarity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of late proteins in viral replication?

Assemble the virus capsid Signup and view all the answers

How do RNA viruses with a genome of (–) polarity replicate?

Replicate via a complementary (+) strand intermediate Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is unique to viruses with a dsRNA genome?

Replicate using host cell RNA polymerase Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of viral proteins in favor of virus production and genome replication?

Ensure replication of viral genome Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic that distinguishes Influenza A type H5N1 from types H1N1 and H3N2?

More severe disease in humans Signup and view all the answers

What can result in a shorter incubation period for a viral infection?

A larger dose of virus Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic best describes latent infection?

Integration into host chromosome Signup and view all the answers

What can cause the reactivation of a latent viral infection?

A eukaryotic host cell entering another cell cycle phase Signup and view all the answers

Which outcome is associated with abortive infections?

No virus progeny produced Signup and view all the answers

What happens in productive infections where progeny are released with no host damage?

Produces progeny without harming the host cell Signup and view all the answers

What are perforins released by NK cells responsible for?

Inducing apoptosis in virus-infected cells Signup and view all the answers

How does the presence of HIV particles in the blood affect NK cells' activities?

Reduces their efficiency in killing virus-infected cells Signup and view all the answers

Which lymphocytes develop in the thymus?

T lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the specific immune response in adaptive immunity against viral infections?

Binding of epitope to specific receptors on lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies synthesized by plasma cells?

Coat both virions and virus-infected cells for destruction Signup and view all the answers

How are perforins and antibodies different in their action against viruses?

Perforins induce apoptosis, while antibodies coat viruses for destruction Signup and view all the answers