Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the six basic stages in the life cycle of viruses?
What are the six basic stages in the life cycle of viruses?
Attachment, penetration (viral entry), uncoating, replication & translation, assembly, lysis.
What are the two main types of nucleic acids that classify viruses?
What are the two main types of nucleic acids that classify viruses?
Only 8 herpesviruses are known to infect humans.
Only 8 herpesviruses are known to infect humans.
True
What is the Latin meaning of 'Parvovirus'?
What is the Latin meaning of 'Parvovirus'?
Signup and view all the answers
The genome size range of Rhabdoviruses is _____ kb.
The genome size range of Rhabdoviruses is _____ kb.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following diseases is caused by picornaviruses?
Which of the following diseases is caused by picornaviruses?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses?
What is the primary function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses?
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following families of viruses with their examples:
Match the following families of viruses with their examples:
Signup and view all the answers
All viruses are enveloped.
All viruses are enveloped.
Signup and view all the answers
What is indicated by the term 'icosahedral symmetry' in viruses?
What is indicated by the term 'icosahedral symmetry' in viruses?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses
- The classification of viruses is based on whether the nucleic acid is DNA or RNA, whether the nucleic acid is single-stranded or double-stranded, whether the genome is segmented, the size of the virion, the symmetry of the capsid, and whether the virion is naked or enveloped.
Virus Genome Replication
- There are 6 basic stages in the life cycle of viruses: attachment, penetration (viral entry), uncoating, replication and translation, assembly, and lysis.
Herpesviruses (and other dsDNA viruses)
- Herpesviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses that affect mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians, and mollusks.
- There are over 100 herpesviruses that have been isolated from various hosts, but only 8 are known to affect humans.
- Herpesviruses can remain as persistent infections for the lifetime of the host and often reactivate especially if the host becomes immunocompromised.
Other dsDNA Viruses
- Other dsDNA viruses include Baculoviridae, Papillomaviridae, Polyomaviridae, and Poxviridae.
- Examples of dsDNA viruses include Autographa california nucleopolyhedrovirus, Human papillomaviruses, Simian virus, and Smallpox virus.
Parvoviruses (and other ssDNA viruses)
- Parvoviruses are the smallest known viruses with virion diameters ranging from 18-26 nm.
- Parvoviruses are single-stranded DNA viruses that infect vertebrates and invertebrates.
- Examples of ssDNA viruses include Porcine circovirus, Maize streak virus, and Phage φX174.
Reoviruses (and other dsRNA viruses)
- Reoviruses are double-stranded RNA viruses that infect a wide range of hosts including mammals, birds, plants, and insects.
- Examples of dsRNA viruses include Cypovirus, Orbivirus, Orthoreovirus, Phytoreovirus, Rotavirus, and Birnaviridae.
- The virion of most dsRNA viruses has icosahedral symmetry and are naked, except for the family Cystoviridae which is enveloped.
Picornaviruses (and other plus-strand RNA viruses)
- Picornaviruses are small RNA viruses with icosahedral symmetry and a diameter of 25-30 nm.
- Picornaviruses are plus-strand RNA viruses that function as mRNA once released into a host cell.
- Examples of plus-strand RNA viruses include Hepatitis A virus, Poliovirus, Coxsackieviruses, West Nile virus, SARS virus, and Rubella virus.
Rhabdoviruses (and other minus-strand RNA viruses)
- Rhabdoviruses are minus-strand RNA viruses with rod-shaped virions and a genome size of 11-15 kb.
- Examples of minus-strand RNA viruses include Vesicular stomatitis virus, Rabies virus, Influenza virus, Measles virus, and Ebola virus.
Retroviruses
- Retroviruses are RNA viruses that copy their genome into DNA during replication.
- Examples of retroviruses include Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1 and HIV-2), Rous sarcoma virus, and Murine leukaemia virus.
Hepadnaviruses and other reverse-transcribing DNA viruses
- Hepadnaviruses are DNA viruses that replicate via an RNA intermediate (reverse transcription).
- Examples of reverse-transcribing DNA viruses include Hepatitis B virus, Cauliflower mosaic virus, and Rice tungro bacilliform virus.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers the classification and nomenclature of viruses, including virus genome replication and different types of viruses such as Herperviruses, Parvoviruses, and Retroviruses. Test your knowledge of virology!