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Questions and Answers
Which segment of the influenza virus genome encodes for three RNA polymerase subunits?
Which segment of the influenza virus genome encodes for three RNA polymerase subunits?
- Segment 8
- Segment 4
- Segment 1
- Segment 6 (correct)
What is the total size range of the influenza virus genome?
What is the total size range of the influenza virus genome?
- $5-10$ kb
- $10-15$ kb (correct)
- $1-5$ kb
- $15-20$ kb
Which viral particles package nine out of the eleven different viral proteins?
Which viral particles package nine out of the eleven different viral proteins?
- Viral particles from segments 5-8
- Viral particles from segments 7-11
- Viral particles from segments 1-4
- Viral particles from segments 1-6 (correct)
What do Uni-12 and Uni-13 represent in the context of influenza virus genome?
What do Uni-12 and Uni-13 represent in the context of influenza virus genome?
What is the diameter of naked icosahedral capsid of Picornaviruses?
What is the diameter of naked icosahedral capsid of Picornaviruses?
How many copies of VP4 are present in a mature Picornavirus virion?
How many copies of VP4 are present in a mature Picornavirus virion?
What is covalently bound to the 5’ end of the RNA in Picornaviruses?
What is covalently bound to the 5’ end of the RNA in Picornaviruses?
What type of RNA genome do Picornaviruses possess?
What type of RNA genome do Picornaviruses possess?
Which cellular receptor does Filovirus GP bind to for attachment and entry?
Which cellular receptor does Filovirus GP bind to for attachment and entry?
How is the Ebola virus released from cells?
How is the Ebola virus released from cells?
What is the function of sGP released from infected cells?
What is the function of sGP released from infected cells?
Which protein mediates the attachment and entry of the Ebola virus?
Which protein mediates the attachment and entry of the Ebola virus?
What triggers the fusion of the Ebola virus within vesicles?
What triggers the fusion of the Ebola virus within vesicles?
Which protein is associated with the viral envelope and facilitates viral particles' formation and release?
Which protein is associated with the viral envelope and facilitates viral particles' formation and release?
What is the potential function of sGP in Ebola virus infection?
What is the potential function of sGP in Ebola virus infection?
Which family does the Ebola virus belong to?
Which family does the Ebola virus belong to?
What are some symptoms of Orthomyxoviridae infections?
What are some symptoms of Orthomyxoviridae infections?
What is a potential concern for survivors of Ebola virus infection?
What is a potential concern for survivors of Ebola virus infection?
Apart from Ebola virus, which other genera are included in the family Orthomyxoviridae?
Apart from Ebola virus, which other genera are included in the family Orthomyxoviridae?
What is the unique protein found in Filoviruses?
What is the unique protein found in Filoviruses?
How are structural proteins generated in Filoviruses?
How are structural proteins generated in Filoviruses?
Where are Capsid proteins palmitoylated in Filoviruses?
Where are Capsid proteins palmitoylated in Filoviruses?
What is the genome size of Marburg virus?
What is the genome size of Marburg virus?
What is the result of Ebola virus outbreaks?
What is the result of Ebola virus outbreaks?
How many genera of filoviruses exist?
How many genera of filoviruses exist?
How are Filovirus infections among humans primarily transmitted?
How are Filovirus infections among humans primarily transmitted?
Where does replication occur for Ebola virus?
Where does replication occur for Ebola virus?
What is unique about Ebola virus genome compared to Marburg virus genome?
What is unique about Ebola virus genome compared to Marburg virus genome?
What process does Ebola virus use to produce two glycoproteins from the same gene?
What process does Ebola virus use to produce two glycoproteins from the same gene?
Which mechanism allows translation initiation without a 5’ cap?
Which mechanism allows translation initiation without a 5’ cap?
What is the consequence of Picornavirus infection on host cell translation?
What is the consequence of Picornavirus infection on host cell translation?
What aids in the docking of the 40S ribosomal subunit and initiating protein translation?
What aids in the docking of the 40S ribosomal subunit and initiating protein translation?
How are viral proteins initially made?
How are viral proteins initially made?
Where is viral RNA replication initiated?
Where is viral RNA replication initiated?
What is involved in the entry of poliovirus RNA into the cytoplasm?
What is involved in the entry of poliovirus RNA into the cytoplasm?
What is involved in Flavivirus virion assembly?
What is involved in Flavivirus virion assembly?
What are the consequences of Picornavirus infection?
What are the consequences of Picornavirus infection?
What does Flavivirus virion contain?
What does Flavivirus virion contain?
How does Flavivirus genome organization compare to Togaviruses?
How does Flavivirus genome organization compare to Togaviruses?
Which protein of flaviviruses is a type I membrane protein found as a dimer?
Which protein of flaviviruses is a type I membrane protein found as a dimer?
How do flaviviruses enter cells?
How do flaviviruses enter cells?
What is the role of the precursor membrane protein (prM) in flaviviruses?
What is the role of the precursor membrane protein (prM) in flaviviruses?
How do togaviruses cause disease transmission in animals and humans?
How do togaviruses cause disease transmission in animals and humans?
What is the genome type of togaviruses?
What is the genome type of togaviruses?
What is the role of the E glycoprotein of togaviruses?
What is the role of the E glycoprotein of togaviruses?
What happens once the RNA genome of togaviruses enters the cytoplasm?
What happens once the RNA genome of togaviruses enters the cytoplasm?
How do flaviviruses and togaviruses enter cells?
How do flaviviruses and togaviruses enter cells?
What is the function of NS3 protein in flaviviruses?
What is the function of NS3 protein in flaviviruses?
What is the diameter of naked icosahedral capsid of Picornaviruses?
What is the diameter of naked icosahedral capsid of Picornaviruses?
What type of RNA genome do Picornaviruses possess?
What type of RNA genome do Picornaviruses possess?
How many copies of VP4 are present in a mature Picornavirus virion?
How many copies of VP4 are present in a mature Picornavirus virion?
What is covalently bound to the 5’ end of the RNA in Picornaviruses?
What is covalently bound to the 5’ end of the RNA in Picornaviruses?
Which segment of the influenza virus genome encodes for a single protein that is not an RNA polymerase subunit?
Which segment of the influenza virus genome encodes for a single protein that is not an RNA polymerase subunit?
What is the total number of different viral proteins packaged by the influenza virus?
What is the total number of different viral proteins packaged by the influenza virus?
Which sequences are highly conserved and serve as universal primers in the influenza virus genome?
Which sequences are highly conserved and serve as universal primers in the influenza virus genome?
What is the total number of different segments in the segmented negative sense ssRNA genome of the influenza virus?
What is the total number of different segments in the segmented negative sense ssRNA genome of the influenza virus?
What is the unique protein found in Filoviruses?
What is the unique protein found in Filoviruses?
Where are Capsid proteins palmitoylated in Filoviruses?
Where are Capsid proteins palmitoylated in Filoviruses?
What is the consequence of Ebola virus outbreaks?
What is the consequence of Ebola virus outbreaks?
What is the genome size of Marburg virus?
What is the genome size of Marburg virus?
How are Filovirus infections among humans primarily transmitted?
How are Filovirus infections among humans primarily transmitted?
Which family does the Ebola virus belong to?
Which family does the Ebola virus belong to?
What is the role of the precursor membrane protein (prM) in flaviviruses?
What is the role of the precursor membrane protein (prM) in flaviviruses?
What process does Ebola virus use to produce two glycoproteins from the same gene?
What process does Ebola virus use to produce two glycoproteins from the same gene?
What is involved in Flavivirus virion assembly?
What is involved in Flavivirus virion assembly?
Which cellular receptor does Filovirus GP bind to for attachment and entry?
Which cellular receptor does Filovirus GP bind to for attachment and entry?
How is sGP released from infected cells and what is its potential function?
How is sGP released from infected cells and what is its potential function?
What is the role of VP30 in Ebola virus infection?
What is the role of VP30 in Ebola virus infection?
Which family does the Ebola virus belong to, and what are some symptoms of infections from this family?
Which family does the Ebola virus belong to, and what are some symptoms of infections from this family?
What is the potential consequence for survivors of Ebola virus infection?
What is the potential consequence for survivors of Ebola virus infection?
What are some symptoms of Orthomyxoviridae infections, and who is most at risk?
What are some symptoms of Orthomyxoviridae infections, and who is most at risk?
How does the Ebola virus enter cells?
How does the Ebola virus enter cells?
Which protein of flaviviruses is a multifunctional viral serine proteinase involved in polyprotein cleavage, RNA replicase component, nucleoside triphosphatase, and helicase activities?
Which protein of flaviviruses is a multifunctional viral serine proteinase involved in polyprotein cleavage, RNA replicase component, nucleoside triphosphatase, and helicase activities?
How do flaviviruses primarily enter cells?
How do flaviviruses primarily enter cells?
What is the role of the precursor membrane protein (prM) in flaviviruses?
What is the role of the precursor membrane protein (prM) in flaviviruses?
What is the genome type of togaviruses?
What is the genome type of togaviruses?
What triggers the fusion and release of the nucleocapsid of flaviviruses and togaviruses in the cell?
What triggers the fusion and release of the nucleocapsid of flaviviruses and togaviruses in the cell?
What is the cellular receptor to which the E glycoprotein of togaviruses binds for entry into cells?
What is the cellular receptor to which the E glycoprotein of togaviruses binds for entry into cells?
What is involved in the entry of poliovirus RNA into the cytoplasm?
What is involved in the entry of poliovirus RNA into the cytoplasm?
What is unique about the genome size of togaviruses?
What is unique about the genome size of togaviruses?
What is the function of NS3 protein in flaviviruses?
What is the function of NS3 protein in flaviviruses?
Where does replication occur for Ebola virus?
Where does replication occur for Ebola virus?
How are structural proteins generated in Filoviruses?
How are structural proteins generated in Filoviruses?
Study Notes
Flavivirus and Togavirus: Structure and Entry
- NS3 protein is a multifunctional viral serine proteinase involved in polyprotein cleavage, RNA replicase component, nucleoside triphosphatase, and helicase activities.
- Synthesis of non-structural protein establishes active RNA replicase complexes, carried out on membranes in the cytoplasm, requiring the synthesis of a complementary copy (minus-strand) of the plus-strand RNA and subsequent synthesis of new plus-strand (genomic RNA).
- Flaviviruses have no clearly identified cellular receptor and enter cells through endocytosis within clathrin-coated vesicles, with alternative entry mechanisms including antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) causing severe diseases like dengue hemorrhagic fever.
- The E protein of flaviviruses is a type I membrane protein found as a dimer, with domain II forming a dimer interface and containing the hydrophobic fusion peptide, and domain III used for receptor binding.
- Following the capsid protein precursor, the precursor membrane protein (prM) associates with the E protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to form a heterodimer, protecting E from premature conformational changes.
- Togaviruses cause disease in animals and humans, spreading through mosquitoes, with symptoms ranging from rashes, high fever, joint pain to encephalitis.
- Togaviruses have a spherical enveloped particle with a fringe of projections, arranged in icosahedral symmetry, with 240 heterodimers of glycoproteins E1 and E2 in the envelope and 240 copies of capsid proteins.
- Togaviruses have a linear ‘+’ sense single-stranded RNA genome, approximately 9.7-11.8kb in size, with both 5’ methylated cap and a 3’ poly(A) tail.
- The E glycoprotein of togaviruses binds to cellular receptors, such as laminin receptor, leading to receptor-mediated endocytosis via clathrin-coated vesicles.
- Once inside the cytoplasm, the RNA genome of togaviruses is released to be translated, interacting with cellular proteins to release the genome, catalyzed by partly cleaved non-structural proteins including nsP1, nsP2, and nsP4.
- The RNA polymerase of togaviruses can stop at a specific codon, potentially yielding protein123.
- Entry and fusion mechanisms of flaviviruses and togaviruses involve conformational changes in viral proteins in response to pH changes, leading to fusion and release of the nucleocapsid in the cell.
Flavivirus and Togavirus: Structure and Entry
- NS3 protein is a multifunctional viral serine proteinase involved in polyprotein cleavage, RNA replicase component, nucleoside triphosphatase, and helicase activities.
- Synthesis of non-structural protein establishes active RNA replicase complexes, carried out on membranes in the cytoplasm, requiring the synthesis of a complementary copy (minus-strand) of the plus-strand RNA and subsequent synthesis of new plus-strand (genomic RNA).
- Flaviviruses have no clearly identified cellular receptor and enter cells through endocytosis within clathrin-coated vesicles, with alternative entry mechanisms including antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) causing severe diseases like dengue hemorrhagic fever.
- The E protein of flaviviruses is a type I membrane protein found as a dimer, with domain II forming a dimer interface and containing the hydrophobic fusion peptide, and domain III used for receptor binding.
- Following the capsid protein precursor, the precursor membrane protein (prM) associates with the E protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to form a heterodimer, protecting E from premature conformational changes.
- Togaviruses cause disease in animals and humans, spreading through mosquitoes, with symptoms ranging from rashes, high fever, joint pain to encephalitis.
- Togaviruses have a spherical enveloped particle with a fringe of projections, arranged in icosahedral symmetry, with 240 heterodimers of glycoproteins E1 and E2 in the envelope and 240 copies of capsid proteins.
- Togaviruses have a linear ‘+’ sense single-stranded RNA genome, approximately 9.7-11.8kb in size, with both 5’ methylated cap and a 3’ poly(A) tail.
- The E glycoprotein of togaviruses binds to cellular receptors, such as laminin receptor, leading to receptor-mediated endocytosis via clathrin-coated vesicles.
- Once inside the cytoplasm, the RNA genome of togaviruses is released to be translated, interacting with cellular proteins to release the genome, catalyzed by partly cleaved non-structural proteins including nsP1, nsP2, and nsP4.
- The RNA polymerase of togaviruses can stop at a specific codon, potentially yielding protein123.
- Entry and fusion mechanisms of flaviviruses and togaviruses involve conformational changes in viral proteins in response to pH changes, leading to fusion and release of the nucleocapsid in the cell.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the protein synthesis process of a virus. Learn about the generation and cleavage of a polyprotein, post-translational modifications, and the binding of capsid protein to the genome RNA packaging signal.
