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Prions can cross species boundaries
Prions can cross species boundaries
more effective
Transmission & spread requires exposure to the infective agent by
Transmission & spread requires exposure to the infective agent by
eating contaminated food material
Prion diseases are difficult to diagnose
Prion diseases are difficult to diagnose
cannot be cultured
Prevention & treatment of prion diseases
Prevention & treatment of prion diseases
Prions lack a nucleic acid genome
Prions lack a nucleic acid genome
Prions arise by mutation then hijack protein-folding control
Prions arise by mutation then hijack protein-folding control
Virus classification is based on the mechanism of mRNA production, known as the _____________ classification.
Virus classification is based on the mechanism of mRNA production, known as the _____________ classification.
During viral replication, the viral genome is copied through a process called _____________.
During viral replication, the viral genome is copied through a process called _____________.
Viral particles are released from the host cell through cell lysis or _____________.
Viral particles are released from the host cell through cell lysis or _____________.
Viruses can be transmitted through respiratory droplets, aerosols, or by the _____________ route.
Viruses can be transmitted through respiratory droplets, aerosols, or by the _____________ route.
Vaccination is the best medical method to prevent infection and disease caused by _____________.
Vaccination is the best medical method to prevent infection and disease caused by _____________.
Hepatitis B and C viruses are known to cause _____________ cancer.
Hepatitis B and C viruses are known to cause _____________ cancer.
PCR stands for Polymerase Chain ______
PCR stands for Polymerase Chain ______
Real-time PCR is used to ______ the recent H7N9 viruses from other H7 viruses
Real-time PCR is used to ______ the recent H7N9 viruses from other H7 viruses
Prions are infectious agents composed entirely of ______ material
Prions are infectious agents composed entirely of ______ material
Prions are associated with degenerative changes in the ______, with large vacuoles in the CNS
Prions are associated with degenerative changes in the ______, with large vacuoles in the CNS
Prions are resistant to heat, disinfectants, and ______
Prions are resistant to heat, disinfectants, and ______
Variant CJD (vCJD) can produce symptoms much more ______ than other prion diseases
Variant CJD (vCJD) can produce symptoms much more ______ than other prion diseases
Viruses and prions are classified as ______
Viruses and prions are classified as ______
A virus is a small, infectious, obligate intracellular ______
A virus is a small, infectious, obligate intracellular ______
The genome of a virus is composed of either ______ or ______, enclosed in a protein coat
The genome of a virus is composed of either ______ or ______, enclosed in a protein coat
The smallest 'virus' known to infect animals is the ______.
The smallest 'virus' known to infect animals is the ______.
The largest RNA viral genome belongs to the ______.
The largest RNA viral genome belongs to the ______.
The genome of SARS-CoV-2 encodes for more than ______ proteins.
The genome of SARS-CoV-2 encodes for more than ______ proteins.
A typical virus has a ______, ______, and ______.
A typical virus has a ______, ______, and ______.
Viruses are parasites; they depend on cells for molecular building blocks, machinery and _______.
Viruses are parasites; they depend on cells for molecular building blocks, machinery and _______.
Most viruses have dimensions that range from approximately 20 – 200 _______.
Most viruses have dimensions that range from approximately 20 – 200 _______.
The genome size of a virus is measured in _______ base pairs.
The genome size of a virus is measured in _______ base pairs.
Prions are resistant to heat, disinfectants, and _______.
Prions are resistant to heat, disinfectants, and _______.
The classification of viruses is based on the mechanism of _______ production.
The classification of viruses is based on the mechanism of _______ production.
Variant CJD (vCJD) can produce symptoms much more _______ than other prion diseases.
Variant CJD (vCJD) can produce symptoms much more _______ than other prion diseases.
Coronaviruses belong to Group IV ((+)ssRNA) and the family _____________
Coronaviruses belong to Group IV ((+)ssRNA) and the family _____________
The genome of Hepatitis B virus is approximately ______ kb in size
The genome of Hepatitis B virus is approximately ______ kb in size
The smallest 'virus' known to infect animals is the ______ virus
The smallest 'virus' known to infect animals is the ______ virus
A typical virus has a ______, ______, and ______.
A typical virus has a ______, ______, and ______.
Enveloped viruses take a lipid layer from the infected cell and usually ______ from it.
Enveloped viruses take a lipid layer from the infected cell and usually ______ from it.
The genome of SARS-CoV-2 encodes for more than ______ proteins.
The genome of SARS-CoV-2 encodes for more than ______ proteins.
Viruses are classified based on their ________ production mechanism.
Viruses are classified based on their ________ production mechanism.
A typical virus has a ______, ______, and ______.
A typical virus has a ______, ______, and ______.
Enveloped viruses take a lipid layer from the infected cell and usually ______ from it.
Enveloped viruses take a lipid layer from the infected cell and usually ______ from it.
Virus particles are released from the host cell through cell lysis or _________
Virus particles are released from the host cell through cell lysis or _________
The type of receptor a virus can attach to will define its host and tissue ________
The type of receptor a virus can attach to will define its host and tissue ________
During viral replication, the viral genome is copied through a process called _________
During viral replication, the viral genome is copied through a process called _________
Viruses are parasites; they depend on cells for molecular building blocks, machinery and _______.
Viruses are parasites; they depend on cells for molecular building blocks, machinery and _______.
Coronaviruses belong to Group IV ((+)ssRNA) and the family _____________.
Coronaviruses belong to Group IV ((+)ssRNA) and the family _____________.
The genome of SARS-CoV-2 encodes for more than ______ proteins.
The genome of SARS-CoV-2 encodes for more than ______ proteins.
Prions are resistant to heat, disinfectants, and _______
Prions are resistant to heat, disinfectants, and _______
Prions are associated with degenerative changes in the ______, with large vacuoles in the CNS
Prions are associated with degenerative changes in the ______, with large vacuoles in the CNS
Prions can cross species boundaries and spread of scrapie agents between species have been transmitted to laboratory rodents and ______
Prions can cross species boundaries and spread of scrapie agents between species have been transmitted to laboratory rodents and ______
Prions are infectious agents composed entirely of ______ material
Prions are infectious agents composed entirely of ______ material
Prions are host-derived molecules q PrPSc (prion protein scrapie) n a 30–35 kDa glycoprotein derived from PrPc n associated with intracellular fibrils in diseased tissue n can be found in the lymphoreticular system (tonsils, spleen & neurological tissues) n q may be carried in the blood by lymphocytes PrPc n a naturally occurring cellular prion protein n expressed predominantly on surface of nerve cells n coded by a single copy gene (on chromosome 20 in humans), with unknown function Prions are host-derived molecules q PrPSc & PrPc highly similar sequence differ in structure & protease resistance q PrPc Soluble, linear enzyme susceptible q PrPSc Insoluble globular enzyme resistant Soluble linear α-helices proteins (PrPc) à modified (misfolded) & accumulate as insoluble ß-sheet rich amyloid fibrils (PrPSc)
Prions are host-derived molecules q PrPSc (prion protein scrapie) n a 30–35 kDa glycoprotein derived from PrPc n associated with intracellular fibrils in diseased tissue n can be found in the lymphoreticular system (tonsils, spleen & neurological tissues) n q may be carried in the blood by lymphocytes PrPc n a naturally occurring cellular prion protein n expressed predominantly on surface of nerve cells n coded by a single copy gene (on chromosome 20 in humans), with unknown function Prions are host-derived molecules q PrPSc & PrPc highly similar sequence differ in structure & protease resistance q PrPc Soluble, linear enzyme susceptible q PrPSc Insoluble globular enzyme resistant Soluble linear α-helices proteins (PrPc) à modified (misfolded) & accumulate as insoluble ß-sheet rich amyloid fibrils (PrPSc)
Prions lack a ______ acid genome
Prions lack a ______ acid genome
Viruses are parasites; they depend on cells for molecular building blocks, machinery and _______.
Viruses are parasites; they depend on cells for molecular building blocks, machinery and _______.
Enveloped viruses take a lipid layer from the infected cell and usually ______ from it.
Enveloped viruses take a lipid layer from the infected cell and usually ______ from it.
The genome size of a virus is measured in _______ base pairs.
The genome size of a virus is measured in _______ base pairs.
Prions are infectious agents composed entirely of ______ material
Prions are infectious agents composed entirely of ______ material
The genome of SARS-CoV-2 encodes for more than ______ proteins
The genome of SARS-CoV-2 encodes for more than ______ proteins
Viruses are classified based on their ________ production mechanism
Viruses are classified based on their ________ production mechanism
During viral replication, the viral genome is copied through a process called _________
During viral replication, the viral genome is copied through a process called _________
A typical virus has a ______, ______, and ______.
A typical virus has a ______, ______, and ______.
Enveloped viruses take a lipid layer from the infected cell and usually ______ from it.
Enveloped viruses take a lipid layer from the infected cell and usually ______ from it.
Prion diseases are caused by misfolded ______ proteins.
Prion diseases are caused by misfolded ______ proteins.
Variant CJD (vCJD) can produce symptoms much more ______ than other prion diseases.
Variant CJD (vCJD) can produce symptoms much more ______ than other prion diseases.
Viral particles are released from the host cell through cell lysis or _________.
Viral particles are released from the host cell through cell lysis or _________.
Prions are infectious agents composed entirely of ______ material
Prions are infectious agents composed entirely of ______ material
The genome size of a virus is measured in _______ base pairs
The genome size of a virus is measured in _______ base pairs
The type of receptor a virus can attach to will define its host and tissue ________
The type of receptor a virus can attach to will define its host and tissue ________
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