Questions and Answers
Which of the following are characteristics of togaviruses? (Select all that apply)
Which types of togaviruses are known?
What is the vector for arboviruses?
Arthropods (like mosquitoes)
What are the main complications of arbovirus infections?
Signup and view all the answers
What are some childhood rubella symptoms or complications?
Signup and view all the answers
How is childhood rubella transmitted?
Signup and view all the answers
Rubella is a __________ infection that can cross the placenta.
Signup and view all the answers
What are the congenital rubella complications or symptoms?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main clinical triad for congenital rubella?
Signup and view all the answers
What are some adult rubella complications or symptoms?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the prevention method for rubella?
Signup and view all the answers
When can HIV patients receive the MMR live attenuated vaccine?
Signup and view all the answers
Which groups are restricted from receiving the MMR vaccine?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the ToRCHeS mnemonic stand for?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Togavirus Characteristics
- Positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus (ssRNA)
- Enveloped structure
- Replicates in the cytoplasm
- Produces a long polyprotein precursor, cleaved by viral proteases
Types of Togaviruses
- Includes Arboviruses and Rubella (German measles)
Arbovirus Vector
- Primary vectors include arthropods, such as mosquitoes
Main Complications of Arbovirus
- Western equine encephalitis affects the Western U.S.
- Eastern equine encephalitis affects the Eastern U.S.
- Venezuelan equine encephalitis is also significant
Childhood Rubella Symptoms/Complications
- Symptoms include postauricular and occipital lymphadenopathy
- Rash starts at the head and descends quickly, faster than measles rash
Childhood Rubella Method of Transmission
- Spreads via respiratory droplets
Rubella as a TORCH Infection
- Classifies as a TORCH infection capable of crossing the placenta
Congenital Rubella Complications/Symptoms
- Often causes patent ductus arteriosus
- Associated with jaundice and a "blueberry muffin" rash
- Risk of congenital cataracts and sensorineural deafness
Main Clinical Triad for Congenital Rubella
- Key symptoms include congenital cataracts, sensorineural deafness, and patent ductus arteriosus
Adult Rubella Complications/Symptoms
- Includes arthralgias/arthritis, lymphadenopathy, and fever
Prevention for Rubella
- MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) live attenuated vaccine
- Induces both humoral and cell-mediated immunity
HIV Patients and MMR Vaccine
- Can receive the MMR vaccine when their CD4 count exceeds 200
Restricted Groups for MMR Vaccine
- Pregnant women are advised against receiving the MMR vaccine
- Individuals with HIV and CD4 counts below 200 should avoid vaccination
ToRCHeS Mnemonic
- Represents infections: Toxoplasmosis gondii, Rubella, CMV, HSV, Herpes zoster, Hepatitis B/C/E, and Syphilis
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge about Togaviruses with these flashcards! This quiz covers key characteristics, types, and vectors associated with Togaviruses, including Arboviruses and Rubella. Perfect for students studying microbiology or virology.
