Togavirus Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are characteristics of togaviruses? (Select all that apply)

  • Positive-sense, ssRNA virus (correct)
  • Non-enveloped
  • Replicates in cytoplasm (correct)
  • Produces short protein sequences

Which types of togaviruses are known?

  • HIV
  • Rubella (German measles) (correct)
  • Flavivirus
  • Arbovirus (correct)

What is the vector for arboviruses?

Arthropods (like mosquitoes)

What are the main complications of arbovirus infections?

<p>Eastern equine encephalitis (B), Western equine encephalitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some childhood rubella symptoms or complications?

<p>Postauricular lymphadenopathy (A), Rash beginning at head and moving downward (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is childhood rubella transmitted?

<p>Spread via respiratory droplets</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rubella is a __________ infection that can cross the placenta.

<p>TORCH</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the congenital rubella complications or symptoms?

<p>Patent ductus arteriosus (B), Congenital cataracts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main clinical triad for congenital rubella?

<p>Patent ductus arteriosus (A), Congenital cataracts (B), Sensorineural deafness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some adult rubella complications or symptoms?

<p>Arthralgias/arthritis (A), Lymphadenopathy (C), Fever (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevention method for rubella?

<p>MMR live attenuated vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

When can HIV patients receive the MMR live attenuated vaccine?

<p>When their CD4 count is &gt; 200</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which groups are restricted from receiving the MMR vaccine?

<p>Pregnant women (B), HIV patients with CD4 &lt; 200 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the ToRCHeS mnemonic stand for?

<p>Toxoplasmosis gondii, Rubella, CMV, HSV, Herpes zoster hepatitis BCE, Syphilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Togavirus Characteristics

  • Positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus (ssRNA)
  • Enveloped structure
  • Replicates in the cytoplasm
  • Produces a long polyprotein precursor, cleaved by viral proteases

Types of Togaviruses

  • Includes Arboviruses and Rubella (German measles)

Arbovirus Vector

  • Primary vectors include arthropods, such as mosquitoes

Main Complications of Arbovirus

  • Western equine encephalitis affects the Western U.S.
  • Eastern equine encephalitis affects the Eastern U.S.
  • Venezuelan equine encephalitis is also significant

Childhood Rubella Symptoms/Complications

  • Symptoms include postauricular and occipital lymphadenopathy
  • Rash starts at the head and descends quickly, faster than measles rash

Childhood Rubella Method of Transmission

  • Spreads via respiratory droplets

Rubella as a TORCH Infection

  • Classifies as a TORCH infection capable of crossing the placenta

Congenital Rubella Complications/Symptoms

  • Often causes patent ductus arteriosus
  • Associated with jaundice and a "blueberry muffin" rash
  • Risk of congenital cataracts and sensorineural deafness

Main Clinical Triad for Congenital Rubella

  • Key symptoms include congenital cataracts, sensorineural deafness, and patent ductus arteriosus

Adult Rubella Complications/Symptoms

  • Includes arthralgias/arthritis, lymphadenopathy, and fever

Prevention for Rubella

  • MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) live attenuated vaccine
  • Induces both humoral and cell-mediated immunity

HIV Patients and MMR Vaccine

  • Can receive the MMR vaccine when their CD4 count exceeds 200

Restricted Groups for MMR Vaccine

  • Pregnant women are advised against receiving the MMR vaccine
  • Individuals with HIV and CD4 counts below 200 should avoid vaccination

ToRCHeS Mnemonic

  • Represents infections: Toxoplasmosis gondii, Rubella, CMV, HSV, Herpes zoster, Hepatitis B/C/E, and Syphilis

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