Virology: TMV and Poliovirus Overview

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which type of infections are associated with the highest risk of cancer?

Alphapapilloma infections (correct)

Fungal infections

Cutaneous infections

Chronic bacterial infections

What is a key feature of episomes in relation to plasmids?

Episomes require specific conditions for replication. (correct)

Episomes are unrelated to bacterial plasmids.

Episomes cannot replicate independently.

Episomes are a type of bacterial recombination.

Which of the following classifications is NOT mentioned in the context?

Gamma

Delta (correct)

Alpha

Beta

What does the process of screening refer to in the context provided?

Searching for episomes in mucosal cells Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT an intended outcome related to the content described?

Development of cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the spike glycoprotein in coronaviruses?

To facilitate receptor binding and antigenic determination Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with serious cases of SARS?

Mild fever Signup and view all the answers

What function does the ACE2 receptor primarily serve in relation to coronaviruses?

Cellular entry for the virus Signup and view all the answers

How does the structure of coronaviruses relate to their genetic material?

They are enveloped with single-stranded RNA Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is responsible for the enzymatic proofreading function in coronaviruses?

ExoN Signup and view all the answers

In terms of viral strain diversity, which characteristic is noted for coronaviruses?

They are highly mutable Signup and view all the answers

What risk factor is considered the second most important for COVID-19 mortality according to CDC findings?

Fear Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is caused by coronaviruses?

SARS Signup and view all the answers

How are the domains of spike glycoprotein associated with pathology?

They are cleared by furin before viral assembly Signup and view all the answers

What type of virus is part of the Coronaviridae family?

Enveloped, single-stranded RNA Signup and view all the answers

What type of genetic material is contained in the virus discussed?

Single-stranded RNA Signup and view all the answers

How does the virus typically enter plant cells?

By mechanical transmission Signup and view all the answers

What feature distinguishes the Poliovirus from other viruses?

No 5' cap and a 3' poly(A) tail Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is primarily caused by the Poliovirus?

Poliomyelitis Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism allows Poliovirus to bind to ribosomes?

IRES mechanism Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structure does the virus utilize for movement within the host cell?

Actin filaments Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the 3' poly(A) tail in the Poliovirus?

Stabilizes viral RNA Signup and view all the answers

What type of virus is Poliovirus classified as based on its structure?

Naked virus Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is true of the Poliovirus's capsid structure?

Contains a 60-copy VP1 structure Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor types does the Poliovirus specifically interact with for entry?

PVR and ICAM receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the transmission method of the Poliovirus?

Fecal-oral transmission Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the Picornavirus family, to which Poliovirus belongs?

Small, naked RNA viruses Signup and view all the answers

Which vaccine was the first inactivated Polio vaccine recognized?

Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the viral genome of the Poliovirus?

It produces a large polyprotein precursor Signup and view all the answers

What role do the EG/E7 proteins serve in relation to the cell cycle?

They inhibit p53, leading to cell cycle continuation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the viral genome in Papillomaviridae?

Circular dsDNA Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Papillomaviridae?

They are enveloped viruses. Signup and view all the answers

What type of promoter activity does the virus exhibit?

Biphasic early and late gene expression. Signup and view all the answers

How many total capsid proteins are found in the Papillomaviridae capsid?

72 Signup and view all the answers

Which viral activity leads to productive amplification in Papillomaviridae?

Burst in viral activity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the El protein in the Papillomaviridae?

To initiate DNA replication as a helicase. Signup and view all the answers

What type of cancer is associated with Papillomaviridae infections in rabbits?

Keratinous horn-like carcinomas. Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of the influenza virus according to its genetic material?

Single-stranded RNA Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the influenza virus's genome?

It is made up of 8 segments. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'cap snatching' refer to in the context of the influenza virus?

A process for acquiring viral primers. Signup and view all the answers

How many flu deaths are estimated to occur each year?

12,000 to 55,000 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of flu strain is generally the most common among humans?

Alphainfluenzavirus Signup and view all the answers

What process is facilitated by the M2 channel in the influenza virus?

H+ transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the NS1 protein in the influenza virus?

It functions as an interferon antagonist. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of shape do influenza virus particles take in tissue culture?

Spherical Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the influenza virus aids in receptor binding?

Hemagglutinin Signup and view all the answers

What type of mutations in the influenza virus can lead to changes in its antigens?

Antigenic drift Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of strains named off HA/NA receptor binding?

Resistance to antiviral treatment Signup and view all the answers

When does influenza virus replication primarily take place within a host cell?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What role does the nucleocapsid serve in the influenza virus structure?

It packages the viral RNA. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'segmented' refer to in the context of influenza virus genome?

The distinct RNA segments composing it. Signup and view all the answers

What shape characterizes the Rhabdoviridae family of viruses?

Bullet Signup and view all the answers

Which type of viruses are associated with fatal encephalitis from cattle?

Paramyxoviridae Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of rabies vaccination in humans?

Intramuscular Rabavert vaccine Signup and view all the answers

How many genes does the Filoviridae family have?

7 Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells do Rhabdoviridae viruses typically target?

Neurons Signup and view all the answers

Which vaccine is used to prevent Ebola virus disease?

Ervebo Signup and view all the answers

What feature allows paramyxoviruses to regulate gene expression effectively?

Stop-start transcription mechanism Signup and view all the answers

What is a common transmission route for rabies virus?

Bite from infected animals Signup and view all the answers

Why are bats often associated with the transmission of certain viral diseases?

They can harbor multiple viruses without symptoms. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of outbreaks are typically recurring in Central Africa?

Filovirus outbreaks (e.g., Marburg, Ebola) Signup and view all the answers

What structure acts as a bridge between nucleoproteins and glycoproteins in Rhabdoviridae?

Matrix protein (M) Signup and view all the answers

In which disease is the occurrence of pneumonia a significant concern among vaccine-hesitant individuals?

Measles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary genetic material in the Rhabdoviridae family of viruses?

ssRNA Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the major components of the viral structure in viruses like Rhabdoviridae?

Capsid Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)

TMV is a naked (+) ssRNA virus from the alphavirus-like superfamily.
It was the first filterable virus (1898).
RNA is the genetic material (determined in 1955).
TMV is infectious in cigarettes (1898).
TMV has a stable genome in soil.
It has 4 ORFs.
ORFs 2, 3, and 4 are generated by readthrough from ORFs 1.
The movement protein (MP) guides the virus to different locations in the cell.
The coat protein (CP) forms hexameric rings.

Poliovirus

Poliovirus is a (+)ssRNA, Picorna-like virus.
It belongs to the Picornaviridae family.
It is naked.
It has no 5' cap and a 3' poly(A) tail.
It has 60 copies of each VP1-4 proteins.
It has an IRES (internal ribosome entry site) instead of a 5' cap.
It uses VP1 and VP3 for surface proteins/binding.
It infects the gastrointestinal tract and nervous system.

Flaviridae

It belongs to the Flavi-like (+)ssRNA superfamily.
Includes yellow fever, hep C, dengue, west nile, etc.
T3 naked, single ORF, 3'UTR, 5' IRES.
This family is associated with liver diseases and bird, rat and monkey hosts.

Coronaviridae

It is (+)ssRNA.
It has a helical nucleocapsid.
It causes the SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 outbreaks.
The genome is large.
It has a spike glycoprotein (crown appearance).
The virus infects the respiratory tract.
Receptible cells are mediated by the ACE2 receptor.
It has an spiky surface.
The virus is highly mutable.

Influenza - Orthomyxoviridae

It is (-)ssRNA.
It has 8 segmented genes (monopartite)
It has an envelope.
It is capable of having high mutation rate
It is frequently responsible for seasonal outbreaks
The viral genes are packaged into an RNP Complex with proteins PB1, PB2, and PA.
The virus is capable of having both antigenic shift (major) and drift (minor).
It infects the respiratory tract.
It enters cells by binding to sialic acid with HA.
The influenza virus is characterized by high mutability.

Mononegavirales

It is (-)ssRNA.
It has a monopartite linear genome.
It has multiple families including Paramyxoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, and Filoviridae.
It has an enveloped structure.
It uses start, stop, restart for multiple mRNA production.
Rabies Virus has a bullet shape.
Ebola Virus has a single chain.
Measles Virus is spherical.

Papillomaviridae

It is a naked dsDNA (+ssDNA) viruses.
It is a group 1.
It causes warts and cancers.
It has 17 capsomeres.
It infects mucosal cells and certain skin cell types.
It is capable of causing cancer if its DNA integrates into the host genome.
The proteins are E6 and E7, which inhibit p53 (causing apoptosis inhibition), and Rb (retina inhibiting cell cycle) respectively.

Orthoherpesviridae

It is a Group 1 dsDNA virus.
Its genome is linear in vivo but circular in the virion.
It is enveloped.
It can cause latent infections.
Examples include Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Varicella-zoster virus (VZV).
The virus has a high number of glycoproteins.

HIV and AIDS (Retroviridae)

It is a (+)ssRNA virus.
It has an envelope.
It has a complex structure.
It causes a chronic infection.
It has a high mutation rate.
HIV/AIDS causes cellular damage throughout the body.

Plant Viruses

General characteristics: large variance in structures, many multipartite virions, some have no (group I) dsDNA viruses, many use vectors.
Overviews of infection and transmission characteristics.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz covers key information about Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV), Poliovirus, and Flaviviridae family viruses. You'll explore their structure, genetic material, and roles in infections. Test your knowledge of these important viruses in the field of virology.