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Tobacco Mosaic Virus and Viral Structure

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Tobacco Mosaic Virus and Viral Structure

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Questions and Answers

What was the outcome of Wendell Stanley's experiment in 1935?

He discovered the first virus.

He developed a cure for tobacco mosaic disease.

He discovered the bacteriophage.

He crystallized the infectious particle, now known as tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). (correct)

What is the term for viruses that can replicate only within a host cell?

Host-dependent parasites.

Obligate intracellular parasites. (correct)

Facultative extracellular parasites.

Optional obligate parasites.

What is the function of the tail fibers in a bacteriophage?

To synthesize viral proteins.

To assemble new viruses.

To attach to the host cell. (correct)

To release the viral genome.

What is the term for a phage that reproduces only by the lytic cycle?

Virulent phage. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the integrated viral DNA molecule in the lysogenic cycle?

Prophage. Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the virus genome to exit the bacterial chromosome and switch to the lytic mode in a temperate phage?

Environmental signals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome when a prophage exits the bacterial chromosome?

The cell lyses, releasing phages Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of viral envelopes?

To bind to specific receptor molecules on the surface of a host cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses?

To copy the RNA genome into DNA Signup and view all the answers

Why are vaccines effective against viral infections?

Because they stimulate the immune system to mount defenses against the harmful pathogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between viral diseases in plants and animals?

Viral diseases in plants are spread horizontally, while in animals they are spread vertically Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of plasmodesmata in plants?

To allow for infection to travel from cell to cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between viroids and prions?

Viroids are infectious RNA molecules, while prions are infectious proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome when a virus infects a host cell?

The host cell dies, releasing new viruses Signup and view all the answers

Why do emerging viruses suddenly become apparent?

Because they have jumped species and exchanged genetic information with other viruses Signup and view all the answers

What is the economic impact of plant viral diseases?

A $15 billion loss annually, worldwide Signup and view all the answers