Virology and Disease Diagnosis

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Questions and Answers

What is a common method by which animal viruses escape from host cells?

Replication within the nucleus

Aggressive invasion of the cytoplasm

Budding or lysis of the cell (correct)

Formation of viral spores

What characterizes viruses that escape from host cells via budding?

They become non-enveloped viruses.

They mutate to become more virulent.

They are classified as enveloped viruses. (correct)

They typically remain inside the host cell.

Which of the following statements about viral escape mechanisms is accurate?

Budding can lead to the formation of an envelope. (correct)

All viruses escape exclusively through lysis.

Animal viruses do not utilize budding at all.

Lysis is the only method that produces enveloped viruses.

What event occurs during the lysis of a host cell by a virus?

The cell membrane ruptures and releases viral particles. Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would a virus become classified as an enveloped virus?

When it exits the host cell through budding. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the failure of various attempts at controlling HIV over the past 40 years?

The high mutation rate of the virus Signup and view all the answers

How long have attempts at controlling HIV been ongoing?

Approximately 40 years Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding HIV control attempts?

None of the attempts for control have worked. Signup and view all the answers

What factor plays a crucial role in the challenges of controlling HIV?

The high mutation rate of the virus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT related to the failure of HIV control attempts?

Advances in medical technology Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is primarily responsible for causing cancers of the cervix in females when not treated swiftly?

Human papillomavirus (HPV) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of untreated human papillomavirus infection in females?

Cancers of the cervix and genital tract Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Epstein-Barr virus is accurate?

It is responsible for various types of cancers. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is primarily associated with human papillomavirus if not properly managed?

Cervical cancer Signup and view all the answers

What are the cytoplasmic inclusion bodies found in nerve cells associated with rabies called?

Negri bodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary significance of identifying Negri bodies in nerve cells?

They are diagnostic markers for rabies. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following viruses is not mentioned as related to the development of cancers in the content provided?

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Negri bodies is false?

They are exclusively intranuclear structures. Signup and view all the answers

In rabies, which type of bodies serve as a key diagnostic feature?

Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies Signup and view all the answers

How are Negri bodies important in the context of rabies diagnosis under a microscope?

They serve as a distinguishing feature of rabies infection. Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is primarily used to determine the motility of bacteria by inserting them into a growth medium?

Stabbing into semisolid agar Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic does the technique of stabbing semisolid agar assess in bacteria?

Motility or movement capability Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a technique used to differentiate between motile and non-motile bacteria?

Liquid broth dilution Signup and view all the answers

Why is stabbing into semisolid agar considered a more precise method for differentiating bacterial motility?

It restricts bacterial movement to one plane. Signup and view all the answers

Which alternative to stabbing semisolid agar might also be used for assessing bacterial motility?

Fluid thioglycollate medium Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Viral Escape Mechanisms

Animal viruses escape host cells through lysis or budding.
Budding results in enveloped viruses.

Motility Determination

Stabbing bacteria into semisolid agar is a precise method for differentiating motile and non-motile types.

HIV Control Challenges

Attempts to control HIV have been unsuccessful due to its high mutation rate.

Rabies Diagnosis

Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in nerve cells, known as Negri bodies, are diagnostic markers for rabies.

Epstein-Barr Virus

Epstein-Barr virus causes infectious mononucleosis, Burkitt's lymphoma, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Hodgkin's disease.

Human Papillomaviruses (HPV)

Untreated HPV infections can lead to cervical cancer in females and other genital tract cancers.

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Description

Test your knowledge on various viral escape mechanisms, diagnostic markers for diseases like rabies, and the challenges in controlling viruses such as HIV and HPV. This quiz covers key concepts related to virology and its impact on human health, including notable cases like Epstein-Barr virus infections.